Interaction of uplink and downlink positioning reference signals (prs) with respect to discontinuous reception (drx)

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are various techniques for wireless communication. In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) configured to operate in discontinuous reception (DRX) mode receives a configuration of a plurality of first positioning reference signal (PRS) resources, receives a configuration of a plurality of second PRS resources, selects one or more pairs of a first PRS resource of the plurality of first PRS resources and a second PRS resource of the plurality of second PRS resources, each pair of the one or more pairs satisfying one or more DRX pruning rules and one or more bundling conditions, and receives or transmitting the first PRS resource and transmitting or receiving the second PRS resource during one or more DRX cycles of the DRX mode.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application for patent claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Application No. 63/065,470, entitled “INTERACTION OF UPLINKAND DOWNLINK POSITIONING REFERENCE SIGNALS (PRS) WITH RESPECT TODISCONTINOUS RECEPTION (DRX),” filed Aug. 13, 2020, assigned to theassignee hereof, and expressly incorporated herein by reference in itsentirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE 1. Field of the Disclosure

Aspects of the disclosure relate generally to wireless communications.

2. Description of the Related Art

Wireless communication systems have developed through variousgenerations, including a first-generation analog wireless phone service(1G), a second-generation (2G) digital wireless phone service (includinginterim 2.5G and 2.75G networks), a third-generation (3G) high speeddata, Internet-capable wireless service and a fourth-generation (4G)service (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE) or WiMax). There are presentlymany different types of wireless communication systems in use, includingcellular and personal communications service (PCS) systems. Examples ofknown cellular systems include the cellular analog advanced mobile phonesystem (AMPS), and digital cellular systems based on code divisionmultiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), timedivision multiple access (TDMA), the Global System for Mobilecommunications (GSM), etc.

A fifth generation (5G) wireless standard, referred to as New Radio(NR), calls for higher data transfer speeds, greater numbers ofconnections, and better coverage, among other improvements. The 5Gstandard, according to the Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance, isdesigned to provide data rates of several tens of megabits per second toeach of tens of thousands of users, with 1 gigabit per second to tens ofworkers on an office floor. Several hundreds of thousands ofsimultaneous connections should be supported in order to support largesensor deployments. Consequently, the spectral efficiency of 5G mobilecommunications should be significantly enhanced compared to the current4G standard. Furthermore, signaling efficiencies should be enhanced andlatency should be substantially reduced compared to current standards.

SUMMARY

The following presents a simplified summary relating to one or moreaspects disclosed herein. Thus, the following summary should not beconsidered an extensive overview relating to all contemplated aspects,nor should the following summary be considered to identify key orcritical elements relating to all contemplated aspects or to delineatethe scope associated with any particular aspect. Accordingly, thefollowing summary has the sole purpose to present certain conceptsrelating to one or more aspects relating to the mechanisms disclosedherein in a simplified form to precede the detailed descriptionpresented below.

In an aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a userequipment (UE) configured to operate in discontinuous reception (DRX)mode includes receiving a configuration of a plurality of firstpositioning reference signal (PRS) resources; receiving a configurationof a plurality of second PRS resources; selecting one or more pairs of afirst PRS resource of the plurality of first PRS resources and a secondPRS resource of the plurality of second PRS resources, each pair of theone or more pairs satisfying one or more DRX pruning rules and one ormore bundling conditions; and receiving or transmitting the first PRSresource and transmitting or receiving the second PRS resource duringone or more DRX cycles of the DRX mode.

In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes a memory; at least onetransceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to thememory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processorconfigured to: receive, via the at least one transceiver, aconfiguration of a plurality of first positioning reference signal (PRS)resources; receive, via the at least one transceiver, a configuration ofa plurality of second PRS resources; select one or more pairs of a firstPRS resource of the plurality of first PRS resources and a second PRSresource of the plurality of second PRS resources, each pair of the oneor more pairs satisfying one or more DRX pruning rules and one or morebundling conditions; and receive or transmit, via the at least onetransceiver, the first PRS resource and transmit or receive, via the atleast one transceiver, the second PRS resource during one or more DRXcycles of the DRX mode.

In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes means for receiving aconfiguration of a plurality of first positioning reference signal (PRS)resources; means for receiving a configuration of a plurality of secondPRS resources; means for selecting one or more pairs of a first PRSresource of the plurality of first PRS resources and a second PRSresource of the plurality of second PRS resources, each pair of the oneor more pairs satisfying one or more DRX pruning rules and one or morebundling conditions; and means for receiving or transmitting the firstPRS resource and means for transmitting or receiving the second PRSresource during one or more DRX cycles of the DRX mode.

In an aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storingcomputer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment(UE), cause the UE to: receive a configuration of a plurality of firstpositioning reference signal (PRS) resources; receive a configuration ofa plurality of second PRS resources; select one or more pairs of a firstPRS resource of the plurality of first PRS resources and a second PRSresource of the plurality of second PRS resources, each pair of the oneor more pairs satisfying one or more DRX pruning rules and one or morebundling conditions; and receive or transmit the first PRS resource andtransmit or receive the second PRS resource during one or more DRXcycles of the DRX mode.

Other objects and advantages associated with the aspects disclosedherein will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on theaccompanying drawings and detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings are presented to aid in the description ofvarious aspects of the disclosure and are provided solely forillustration of the aspects and not limitation thereof.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communications system, accordingto aspects of the disclosure.

FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate example wireless network structures,according to aspects of the disclosure.

FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C are simplified block diagrams of several sampleaspects of components that may be employed in a user equipment (UE), abase station, and a network entity, respectively, and configured tosupport communications as taught herein.

FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating an example frame structure, accordingto aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating various downlink channels within anexample downlink slot, according to aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 4C is a diagram illustrating various uplink channels within anexample uplink slot, according to aspects of the disclosure.

FIGS. 5A to 5C illustrate example discontinuous reception (DRX)configurations, according to aspects of the disclosure.

FIGS. 6A to 6C illustrate various relative timings of downlinkpositioning reference signals (DL-PRS) and DRX ON times that may occurdepending upon scheduled DL-PRS and scheduled DRX cycles.

FIGS. 7A to 7C illustrate various relative timings of pairs of DL-PRSand uplink PRS (UL-PRS) with respect to DRX ON times, according toaspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 8A illustrates an example scenario in which a DL-PRS resource isscheduled before an UL-PRS resource, according to aspects of thedisclosure.

FIG. 8B illustrates an example scenario in which an UL-PRS resource isscheduled before a DL-PRS resource, according to aspects of thedisclosure.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example method of wireless communication,according to aspects of the disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Aspects of the disclosure are provided in the following description andrelated drawings directed to various examples provided for illustrationpurposes. Alternate aspects may be devised without departing from thescope of the disclosure. Additionally, well-known elements of thedisclosure will not be described in detail or will be omitted so as notto obscure the relevant details of the disclosure.

The words “exemplary” and/or “example” are used herein to mean “servingas an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described hereinas “exemplary” and/or “example” is not necessarily to be construed aspreferred or advantageous over other aspects. Likewise, the term“aspects of the disclosure” does not require that all aspects of thedisclosure include the discussed feature, advantage or mode ofoperation.

Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the information andsignals described below may be represented using any of a variety ofdifferent technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions,commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may bereferenced throughout the description below may be represented byvoltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles,optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof, depending inpart on the particular application, in part on the desired design, inpart on the corresponding technology, etc.

Further, many aspects are described in terms of sequences of actions tobe performed by, for example, elements of a computing device. It will berecognized that various actions described herein can be performed byspecific circuits (e.g., application specific integrated circuits(ASICs)), by program instructions being executed by one or moreprocessors, or by a combination of both. Additionally, the sequence(s)of actions described herein can be considered to be embodied entirelywithin any form of non-transitory computer-readable storage mediumhaving stored therein a corresponding set of computer instructions that,upon execution, would cause or instruct an associated processor of adevice to perform the functionality described herein. Thus, the variousaspects of the disclosure may be embodied in a number of differentforms, all of which have been contemplated to be within the scope of theclaimed subject matter. In addition, for each of the aspects describedherein, the corresponding form of any such aspects may be describedherein as, for example, “logic configured to” perform the describedaction.

As used herein, the terms “user equipment” (UE) and “base station” arenot intended to be specific or otherwise limited to any particular radioaccess technology (RAT), unless otherwise noted. In general, a UE may beany wireless communication device (e.g., a mobile phone, router, tabletcomputer, laptop computer, consumer asset locating device, wearable(e.g., smartwatch, glasses, augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR)headset, etc.), vehicle (e.g., automobile, motorcycle, bicycle, etc.),Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc.) used by a user to communicateover a wireless communications network. A UE may be mobile or may (e.g.,at certain times) be stationary, and may communicate with a radio accessnetwork (RAN). As used herein, the term “UE” may be referred tointerchangeably as an “access terminal” or “AT,” a “client device,” a“wireless device,” a “subscriber device,” a “subscriber terminal,” a“subscriber station,” a “user terminal” or “UT,” a “mobile device,” a“mobile terminal,” a “mobile station,” or variations thereof. Generally,UEs can communicate with a core network via a RAN, and through the corenetwork the UEs can be connected with external networks such as theInternet and with other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms of connectingto the core network and/or the Internet are also possible for the UEs,such as over wired access networks, wireless local area network (WLAN)networks (e.g., based on the Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers (IEEE) 802.11 specification, etc.) and so on.

A base station may operate according to one of several RATs incommunication with UEs depending on the network in which it is deployed,and may be alternatively referred to as an access point (AP), a networknode, a NodeB, an evolved NodeB (eNB), a next generation eNB (ng-eNB), aNew Radio (NR) Node B (also referred to as a gNB or gNodeB), etc. A basestation may be used primarily to support wireless access by UEs,including supporting data, voice, and/or signaling connections for thesupported UEs. In some systems a base station may provide purely edgenode signaling functions while in other systems it may provideadditional control and/or network management functions. A communicationlink through which UEs can send signals to a base station is called anuplink (UL) channel (e.g., a reverse traffic channel, a reverse controlchannel, an access channel, etc.). A communication link through whichthe base station can send signals to UEs is called a downlink (DL) orforward link channel (e.g., a paging channel, a control channel, abroadcast channel, a forward traffic channel, etc.). As used herein theterm traffic channel (TCH) can refer to either an uplink/reverse ordownlink/forward traffic channel.

The term “base station” may refer to a single physicaltransmission-reception point (TRP) or to multiple physical TRPs that mayor may not be co-located. For example, where the term “base station”refers to a single physical TRP, the physical TRP may be an antenna ofthe base station corresponding to a cell (or several cell sectors) ofthe base station. Where the term “base station” refers to multipleco-located physical TRPs, the physical TRPs may be an array of antennas(e.g., as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or where thebase station employs beamforming) of the base station. Where the term“base station” refers to multiple non-co-located physical TRPs, thephysical TRPs may be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network ofspatially separated antennas connected to a common source via atransport medium) or a remote radio head (RRH) (a remote base stationconnected to a serving base station). Alternatively, the non-co-locatedphysical TRPs may be the serving base station receiving the measurementreport from the UE and a neighbor base station whose reference radiofrequency (RF) signals the UE is measuring. Because a TRP is the pointfrom which a base station transmits and receives wireless signals, asused herein, references to transmission from or reception at a basestation are to be understood as referring to a particular TRP of thebase station.

In some implementations that support positioning of UEs, a base stationmay not support wireless access by UEs (e.g., may not support data,voice, and/or signaling connections for UEs), but may instead transmitreference signals to UEs to be measured by the UEs, and/or may receiveand measure signals transmitted by the UEs. Such a base station may bereferred to as a positioning beacon (e.g., when transmitting signals toUEs) and/or as a location measurement unit (e.g., when receiving andmeasuring signals from UEs).

An “RF signal” comprises an electromagnetic wave of a given frequencythat transports information through the space between a transmitter anda receiver. As used herein, a transmitter may transmit a single “RFsignal” or multiple “RF signals” to a receiver. However, the receivermay receive multiple “RF signals” corresponding to each transmitted RFsignal due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals throughmultipath channels. The same transmitted RF signal on different pathsbetween the transmitter and receiver may be referred to as a “multipath”RF signal. As used herein, an RF signal may also be referred to as a“wireless signal” or simply a “signal” where it is clear from thecontext that the term “signal” refers to a wireless signal or an RFsignal.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communications system 100,according to aspects of the disclosure. The wireless communicationssystem 100 (which may also be referred to as a wireless wide areanetwork (WWAN)) may include various base stations 102 (labeled “BS”) andvarious UEs 104. The base stations 102 may include macro cell basestations (high power cellular base stations) and/or small cell basestations (low power cellular base stations). In an aspect, the macrocell base stations may include eNBs and/or ng-eNBs where the wirelesscommunications system 100 corresponds to an LTE network, or gNBs wherethe wireless communications system 100 corresponds to a NR network, or acombination of both, and the small cell base stations may includefemtocells, picocells, microcells, etc.

The base stations 102 may collectively form a RAN and interface with acore network 170 (e.g., an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC))through backhaul links 122, and through the core network 170 to one ormore location servers 172 (e.g., a location management function (LMF) ora secure user plane location (SUPL) location platform (SLP)). Thelocation server(s) 172 may be part of core network 170 or may beexternal to core network 170. A location server 172 may be integratedwith a base station 102. A UE 104 may communicate with a location server172 directly or indirectly. For example, a UE 104 may communicate with alocation server 172 via the base station 102 that is currently servingthat UE 104. A UE 104 may also communicate with a location server 172through another path, such as via an application server (not shown), viaanother network, such as via a wireless local area network (WLAN) accesspoint (AP) (e.g., AP 150 described below), and so on. For signalingpurposes, communication between a UE 104 and a location server 172 maybe represented as an indirect connection (e.g., through the core network170, etc.) or a direct connection (e.g., as shown via direct connection128), with the intervening nodes (if any) omitted from a signalingdiagram for clarity.

In addition to other functions, the base stations 102 may performfunctions that relate to one or more of transferring user data, radiochannel ciphering and deciphering, integrity protection, headercompression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dualconnectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection setupand release, load balancing, distribution for non-access stratum (NAS)messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, multimediabroadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment trace, RANinformation management (RIM), paging, positioning, and delivery ofwarning messages. The base stations 102 may communicate with each otherdirectly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC/5GC) over backhaul links134, which may be wired or wireless.

The base stations 102 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 104. Eachof the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for arespective geographic coverage area 110. In an aspect, one or more cellsmay be supported by a base station 102 in each geographic coverage area110. A “cell” is a logical communication entity used for communicationwith a base station (e.g., over some frequency resource, referred to asa carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, band, or the like), andmay be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier(PCI), an enhanced cell identifier (ECI), a virtual cell identifier(VCI), a cell global identifier (CGI), etc.) for distinguishing cellsoperating via the same or a different carrier frequency. In some cases,different cells may be configured according to different protocol types(e.g., machine-type communication (MTC), narrowband IoT (NB-IoT),enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), or others) that may provide access fordifferent types of UEs. Because a cell is supported by a specific basestation, the term “cell” may refer to either or both of the logicalcommunication entity and the base station that supports it, depending onthe context. In addition, because a TRP is typically the physicaltransmission point of a cell, the terms “cell” and “TRP” may be usedinterchangeably. In some cases, the term “cell” may also refer to ageographic coverage area of a base station (e.g., a sector), insofar asa carrier frequency can be detected and used for communication withinsome portion of geographic coverage areas 110.

While neighboring macro cell base station 102 geographic coverage areas110 may partially overlap (e.g., in a handover region), some of thegeographic coverage areas 110 may be substantially overlapped by alarger geographic coverage area 110. For example, a small cell basestation 102′ (labeled “SC” for “small cell”) may have a geographiccoverage area 110′ that substantially overlaps with the geographiccoverage area 110 of one or more macro cell base stations 102. A networkthat includes both small cell and macro cell base stations may be knownas a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also includehome eNBs (HeNBs), which may provide service to a restricted group knownas a closed subscriber group (CSG).

The communication links 120 between the base stations 102 and the UEs104 may include uplink (also referred to as reverse link) transmissionsfrom a UE 104 to a base station 102 and/or downlink (DL) (also referredto as forward link) transmissions from a base station 102 to a UE 104.The communication links 120 may use MIMO antenna technology, includingspatial multiplexing, beamforming, and/or transmit diversity. Thecommunication links 120 may be through one or more carrier frequencies.Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to downlink anduplink (e.g., more or less carriers may be allocated for downlink thanfor uplink).

The wireless communications system 100 may further include a wirelesslocal area network (WLAN) access point (AP) 150 in communication withWLAN stations (STAs) 152 via communication links 154 in an unlicensedfrequency spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz). When communicating in an unlicensedfrequency spectrum, the WLAN STAs 152 and/or the WLAN AP 150 may performa clear channel assessment (CCA) or listen before talk (LBT) procedureprior to communicating in order to determine whether the channel isavailable.

The small cell base station 102′ may operate in a licensed and/or anunlicensed frequency spectrum. When operating in an unlicensed frequencyspectrum, the small cell base station 102′ may employ LTE or NRtechnology and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum as usedby the WLAN AP 150. The small cell base station 102′, employing LTE/5Gin an unlicensed frequency spectrum, may boost coverage to and/orincrease capacity of the access network. NR in unlicensed spectrum maybe referred to as NR-U. LTE in an unlicensed spectrum may be referred toas LTE-U, licensed assisted access (LAA), or MulteFire.

The wireless communications system 100 may further include a millimeterwave (mmW) base station 180 that may operate in mmW frequencies and/ornear mmW frequencies in communication with a UE 182. Extremely highfrequency (EHF) is part of the RF in the electromagnetic spectrum. EHFhas a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and a wavelength between 1 millimeterand 10 millimeters. Radio waves in this band may be referred to as amillimeter wave. Near mmW may extend down to a frequency of 3 GHz with awavelength of 100 millimeters. The super high frequency (SHF) bandextends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, also referred to as centimeter wave.Communications using the mmW/near mmW radio frequency band have highpath loss and a relatively short range. The mmW base station 180 and theUE 182 may utilize beamforming (transmit and/or receive) over a mmWcommunication link 184 to compensate for the extremely high path lossand short range. Further, it will be appreciated that in alternativeconfigurations, one or more base stations 102 may also transmit usingmmW or near mmW and beamforming. Accordingly, it will be appreciatedthat the foregoing illustrations are merely examples and should not beconstrued to limit the various aspects disclosed herein.

Transmit beamforming is a technique for focusing an RF signal in aspecific direction. Traditionally, when a network node (e.g., a basestation) broadcasts an RF signal, it broadcasts the signal in alldirections (omni-directionally). With transmit beamforming, the networknode determines where a given target device (e.g., a UE) is located(relative to the transmitting network node) and projects a strongerdownlink RF signal in that specific direction, thereby providing afaster (in terms of data rate) and stronger RF signal for the receivingdevice(s). To change the directionality of the RF signal whentransmitting, a network node can control the phase and relativeamplitude of the RF signal at each of the one or more transmitters thatare broadcasting the RF signal. For example, a network node may use anarray of antennas (referred to as a “phased array” or an “antennaarray”) that creates a beam of RF waves that can be “steered” to pointin different directions, without actually moving the antennas.Specifically, the RF current from the transmitter is fed to theindividual antennas with the correct phase relationship so that theradio waves from the separate antennas add together to increase theradiation in a desired direction, while cancelling to suppress radiationin undesired directions.

Transmit beams may be quasi-co-located, meaning that they appear to thereceiver (e.g., a UE) as having the same parameters, regardless ofwhether or not the transmitting antennas of the network node themselvesare physically co-located. In NR, there are four types ofquasi-co-location (QCL) relations. Specifically, a QCL relation of agiven type means that certain parameters about a second reference RFsignal on a second beam can be derived from information about a sourcereference RF signal on a source beam. Thus, if the source reference RFsignal is QCL Type A, the receiver can use the source reference RFsignal to estimate the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, anddelay spread of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the samechannel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL Type B, the receivercan use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift andDoppler spread of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the samechannel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL Type C, the receivercan use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift andaverage delay of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the samechannel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL Type D, the receivercan use the source reference RF signal to estimate the spatial receiveparameter of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the samechannel.

In receive beamforming, the receiver uses a receive beam to amplify RFsignals detected on a given channel. For example, the receiver canincrease the gain setting and/or adjust the phase setting of an array ofantennas in a particular direction to amplify (e.g., to increase thegain level of) the RF signals received from that direction. Thus, when areceiver is said to beamform in a certain direction, it means the beamgain in that direction is high relative to the beam gain along otherdirections, or the beam gain in that direction is the highest comparedto the beam gain in that direction of all other receive beams availableto the receiver. This results in a stronger received signal strength(e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal receivedquality (RSRQ), signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), etc.) ofthe RF signals received from that direction.

Transmit and receive beams may be spatially related. A spatial relationmeans that parameters for a second beam (e.g., a transmit or receivebeam) for a second reference signal can be derived from informationabout a first beam (e.g., a receive beam or a transmit beam) for a firstreference signal. For example, a UE may use a particular receive beam toreceive a reference downlink reference signal (e.g., synchronizationsignal block (SSB)) from a base station. The UE can then form a transmitbeam for sending an uplink reference signal (e.g., sounding referencesignal (SRS)) to that base station based on the parameters of thereceive beam.

Note that a “downlink” beam may be either a transmit beam or a receivebeam, depending on the entity forming it. For example, if a base stationis forming the downlink beam to transmit a reference signal to a UE, thedownlink beam is a transmit beam. If the UE is forming the downlinkbeam, however, it is a receive beam to receive the downlink referencesignal. Similarly, an “uplink” beam may be either a transmit beam or areceive beam, depending on the entity forming it. For example, if a basestation is forming the uplink beam, it is an uplink receive beam, and ifa UE is forming the uplink beam, it is an uplink transmit beam.

The electromagnetic spectrum is often subdivided, based onfrequency/wavelength, into various classes, bands, channels, etc. In 5GNR two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency rangedesignations FR1 (410 MHz-7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz-52.6 GHz). Itshould be understood that although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band invarious documents and articles. A similar nomenclature issue sometimesoccurs with regard to FR2, which is often referred to (interchangeably)as a “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, despite beingdifferent from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz-300 GHz)which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU)as a “millimeter wave” band.

The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-bandfrequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have identified an operating band forthese mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125GHz-24.25 GHz). Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1characteristics and/or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectivelyextend features of FR1 and/or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. Inaddition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operatingbands have been identified as frequency range designations FR4 a orFR4-1 (52.6 GHz-71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz-114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25GHz-300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHFband.

With the above aspects in mind, unless specifically stated otherwise, itshould be understood that the term “sub-6 GHz” or the like if usedherein may broadly represent frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz,may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. Further, unlessspecifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term“millimeter wave” or the like if used herein may broadly representfrequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2,FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, and/or FR5, or may be within the EHF band.

In a multi-carrier system, such as 5G, one of the carrier frequencies isreferred to as the “primary carrier” or “anchor carrier” or “primaryserving cell” or “PCell,” and the remaining carrier frequencies arereferred to as “secondary carriers” or “secondary serving cells” or“SCells.” In carrier aggregation, the anchor carrier is the carrieroperating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) utilized by a UE 104/182and the cell in which the UE 104/182 either performs the initial radioresource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiatesthe RRC connection re-establishment procedure. The primary carriercarries all common and UE-specific control channels, and may be acarrier in a licensed frequency (however, this is not always the case).A secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g.,FR2) that may be configured once the RRC connection is establishedbetween the UE 104 and the anchor carrier and that may be used toprovide additional radio resources. In some cases, the secondary carriermay be a carrier in an unlicensed frequency. The secondary carrier maycontain only necessary signaling information and signals, for example,those that are UE-specific may not be present in the secondary carrier,since both primary uplink and downlink carriers are typicallyUE-specific. This means that different UEs 104/182 in a cell may havedifferent downlink primary carriers. The same is true for the uplinkprimary carriers. The network is able to change the primary carrier ofany UE 104/182 at any time. This is done, for example, to balance theload on different carriers. Because a “serving cell” (whether a PCell oran SCell) corresponds to a carrier frequency/component carrier overwhich some base station is communicating, the term “cell,” “servingcell,” “component carrier,” “carrier frequency,” and the like can beused interchangeably.

For example, still referring to FIG. 1, one of the frequencies utilizedby the macro cell base stations 102 may be an anchor carrier (or“PCell”) and other frequencies utilized by the macro cell base stations102 and/or the mmW base station 180 may be secondary carriers(“SCells”). The simultaneous transmission and/or reception of multiplecarriers enables the UE 104/182 to significantly increase its datatransmission and/or reception rates. For example, two 20 MHz aggregatedcarriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically lead to atwo-fold increase in data rate (i.e., 40 MHz), compared to that attainedby a single 20 MHz carrier.

The wireless communications system 100 may further include a UE 164 thatmay communicate with a macro cell base station 102 over a communicationlink 120 and/or the mmW base station 180 over a mmW communication link184. For example, the macro cell base station 102 may support a PCelland one or more S Cells for the UE 164 and the mmW base station 180 maysupport one or more SCells for the UE 164.

In some cases, the UE 164 and the UE 182 may be capable of sidelinkcommunication. Sidelink-capable UEs (SL-UEs) may communicate with basestations 102 over communication links 120 using the Uu interface (i.e.,the air interface between a UE and a base station). SL-UEs (e.g., UE164, UE 182) may also communicate directly with each other over awireless sidelink 160 using the PC5 interface (i.e., the air interfacebetween sidelink-capable UEs). A wireless sidelink (or just “sidelink”)is an adaptation of the core cellular (e.g., LTE, NR) standard thatallows direct communication between two or more UEs without thecommunication needing to go through a base station. Sidelinkcommunication may be unicast or multicast, and may be used fordevice-to-device (D2D) media-sharing, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V)communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication (e.g., cellularV2X (cV2X) communication, enhanced V2X (eV2X) communication, etc.),emergency rescue applications, etc. One or more of a group of SL-UEsutilizing sidelink communications may be within the geographic coveragearea 110 of a base station 102. Other SL-UEs in such a group may beoutside the geographic coverage area 110 of a base station 102 or beotherwise unable to receive transmissions from a base station 102. Insome cases, groups of SL-UEs communicating via sidelink communicationsmay utilize a one-to-many (1:M) system in which each SL-UE transmits toevery other SL-UE in the group. In some cases, a base station 102facilitates the scheduling of resources for sidelink communications. Inother cases, sidelink communications are carried out between SL-UEswithout the involvement of a base station 102.

In an aspect, the sidelink 160 may operate over a wireless communicationmedium of interest, which may be shared with other wirelesscommunications between other vehicles and/or infrastructure accesspoints, as well as other RATs. A “medium” may be composed of one or moretime, frequency, and/or space communication resources (e.g.,encompassing one or more channels across one or more carriers)associated with wireless communication between one or moretransmitter/receiver pairs. In an aspect, the medium of interest maycorrespond to at least a portion of an unlicensed frequency band sharedamong various RATs. Although different licensed frequency bands havebeen reserved for certain communication systems (e.g., by a governmententity such as the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the UnitedStates), these systems, in particular those employing small cell accesspoints, have recently extended operation into unlicensed frequency bandssuch as the Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) bandused by wireless local area network (WLAN) technologies, most notablyIEEE 802.11x WLAN technologies generally referred to as “Wi-Fi.” Examplesystems of this type include different variants of CDMA systems, TDMAsystems, FDMA systems, orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) systems, single-carrierFDMA (SC-FDMA) systems, and so on.

Note that although FIG. 1 only illustrates two of the UEs as SL-UEs(i.e., UEs 164 and 182), any of the illustrated UEs may be SL-UEs.Further, although only UE 182 was described as being capable ofbeamforming, any of the illustrated UEs, including UE 164, may becapable of beamforming. Where SL-UEs are capable of beamforming, theymay beamform towards each other (i.e., towards other SL-UEs), towardsother UEs (e.g., UEs 104), towards base stations (e.g., base stations102, 180, small cell 102′, access point 150), etc. Thus, in some cases,UEs 164 and 182 may utilize beamforming over sidelink 160.

In the example of FIG. 1, any of the illustrated UEs (shown in FIG. 1 asa single UE 104 for simplicity) may receive signals 124 from one or moreEarth orbiting space vehicles (SVs) 112 (e.g., satellites). In anaspect, the SVs 112 may be part of a satellite positioning system that aUE 104 can use as an independent source of location information. Asatellite positioning system typically includes a system of transmitters(e.g., SVs 112) positioned to enable receivers (e.g., UEs 104) todetermine their location on or above the Earth based, at least in part,on positioning signals (e.g., signals 124) received from thetransmitters. Such a transmitter typically transmits a signal markedwith a repeating pseudo-random noise (PN) code of a set number of chips.While typically located in SVs 112, transmitters may sometimes belocated on ground-based control stations, base stations 102, and/orother UEs 104. A UE 104 may include one or more dedicated receiversspecifically designed to receive signals 124 for deriving geo locationinformation from the SVs 112.

In a satellite positioning system, the use of signals 124 can beaugmented by various satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS) thatmay be associated with or otherwise enabled for use with one or moreglobal and/or regional navigation satellite systems. For example an SBASmay include an augmentation system(s) that provides integrityinformation, differential corrections, etc., such as the Wide AreaAugmentation System (WAAS), the European Geostationary NavigationOverlay Service (EGNOS), the Multi-functional Satellite AugmentationSystem (MSAS), the Global Positioning System (GPS) Aided Geo AugmentedNavigation or GPS and Geo Augmented Navigation system (GAGAN), and/orthe like. Thus, as used herein, a satellite positioning system mayinclude any combination of one or more global and/or regional navigationsatellites associated with such one or more satellite positioningsystems.

In an aspect, SVs 112 may additionally or alternatively be part of oneor more non-terrestrial networks (NTNs). In an NTN, an SV 112 isconnected to an earth station (also referred to as a ground station, NTNgateway, or gateway), which in turn is connected to an element in a 5Gnetwork, such as a modified base station 102 (without a terrestrialantenna) or a network node in a 5GC. This element would in turn provideaccess to other elements in the 5G network and ultimately to entitiesexternal to the 5G network, such as Internet web servers and other userdevices. In that way, a UE 104 may receive communication signals (e.g.,signals 124) from an SV 112 instead of, or in addition to, communicationsignals from a terrestrial base station 102.

The wireless communications system 100 may further include one or moreUEs, such as UE 190, that connects indirectly to one or morecommunication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D)peer-to-peer (P2P) links (referred to as “sidelinks”). In the example ofFIG. 1, UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with one of the UEs 104 connectedto one of the base stations 102 (e.g., through which UE 190 mayindirectly obtain cellular connectivity) and a D2D P2P link 194 withWLAN STA 152 connected to the WLAN AP 150 (through which UE 190 mayindirectly obtain WLAN-based Internet connectivity). In an example, theD2D P2P links 192 and 194 may be supported with any well-known D2D RAT,such as LTE Direct (LTE-D), WiFi Direct (WiFi-D), Bluetooth®, and so on.

FIG. 2A illustrates an example wireless network structure 200. Forexample, a 5GC 210 (also referred to as a Next Generation Core (NGC))can be viewed functionally as control plane (C-plane) functions 214(e.g., UE registration, authentication, network access, gatewayselection, etc.) and user plane (U-plane) functions 212, (e.g., UEgateway function, access to data networks, IP routing, etc.) whichoperate cooperatively to form the core network. User plane interface(NG-U) 213 and control plane interface (NG-C) 215 connect the gNB 222 tothe 5GC 210 and specifically to the user plane functions 212 and controlplane functions 214, respectively. In an additional configuration, anng-eNB 224 may also be connected to the 5GC 210 via NG-C 215 to thecontrol plane functions 214 and NG-U 213 to user plane functions 212.Further, ng-eNB 224 may directly communicate with gNB 222 via a backhaulconnection 223. In some configurations, a Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN)220 may have one or more gNBs 222, while other configurations includeone or more of both ng-eNBs 224 and gNBs 222. Either (or both) gNB 222or ng-eNB 224 may communicate with one or more UEs 204 (e.g., any of theUEs described herein).

Another optional aspect may include a location server 230, which may bein communication with the 5GC 210 to provide location assistance forUE(s) 204. The location server 230 can be implemented as a plurality ofseparate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different softwaremodules on a single server, different software modules spread acrossmultiple physical servers, etc.), or alternately may each correspond toa single server. The location server 230 can be configured to supportone or more location services for UEs 204 that can connect to thelocation server 230 via the core network, 5GC 210, and/or via theInternet (not illustrated). Further, the location server 230 may beintegrated into a component of the core network, or alternatively may beexternal to the core network (e.g., a third party server, such as anoriginal equipment manufacturer (OEM) server or service server).

FIG. 2B illustrates another example wireless network structure 250. A5GC 260 (which may correspond to 5GC 210 in FIG. 2A) can be viewedfunctionally as control plane functions, provided by an access andmobility management function (AMF) 264, and user plane functions,provided by a user plane function (UPF) 262, which operate cooperativelyto form the core network (i.e., 5GC 260). The functions of the AMF 264include registration management, connection management, reachabilitymanagement, mobility management, lawful interception, transport forsession management (SM) messages between one or more UEs 204 (e.g., anyof the UEs described herein) and a session management function (SMF)266, transparent proxy services for routing SM messages, accessauthentication and access authorization, transport for short messageservice (SMS) messages between the UE 204 and the short message servicefunction (SMSF) (not shown), and security anchor functionality (SEAF).The AMF 264 also interacts with an authentication server function (AUSF)(not shown) and the UE 204, and receives the intermediate key that wasestablished as a result of the UE 204 authentication process. In thecase of authentication based on a UMTS (universal mobiletelecommunications system) subscriber identity module (USIM), the AMF264 retrieves the security material from the AUSF. The functions of theAMF 264 also include security context management (SCM). The SCM receivesa key from the SEAF that it uses to derive access-network specific keys.The functionality of the AMF 264 also includes location servicesmanagement for regulatory services, transport for location servicesmessages between the UE 204 and a location management function (LMF) 270(which acts as a location server 230), transport for location servicesmessages between the NG-RAN 220 and the LMF 270, evolved packet system(EPS) bearer identifier allocation for interworking with the EPS, and UE204 mobility event notification. In addition, the AMF 264 also supportsfunctionalities for non-3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project)access networks.

Functions of the UPF 262 include acting as an anchor point forintra-/inter-RAT mobility (when applicable), acting as an externalprotocol data unit (PDU) session point of interconnect to a data network(not shown), providing packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection,user plane policy rule enforcement (e.g., gating, redirection, trafficsteering), lawful interception (user plane collection), traffic usagereporting, quality of service (QoS) handling for the user plane (e.g.,uplink/downlink rate enforcement, reflective QoS marking in thedownlink), uplink traffic verification (service data flow (SDF) to QoSflow mapping), transport level packet marking in the uplink anddownlink, downlink packet buffering and downlink data notificationtriggering, and sending and forwarding of one or more “end markers” tothe source RAN node. The UPF 262 may also support transfer of locationservices messages over a user plane between the UE 204 and a locationserver, such as an SLP 272.

The functions of the SMF 266 include session management, UE Internetprotocol (IP) address allocation and management, selection and controlof user plane functions, configuration of traffic steering at the UPF262 to route traffic to the proper destination, control of part ofpolicy enforcement and QoS, and downlink data notification. Theinterface over which the SMF 266 communicates with the AMF 264 isreferred to as the N11 interface.

Another optional aspect may include an LMF 270, which may be incommunication with the 5GC 260 to provide location assistance for UEs204. The LMF 270 can be implemented as a plurality of separate servers(e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on asingle server, different software modules spread across multiplephysical servers, etc.), or alternately may each correspond to a singleserver. The LMF 270 can be configured to support one or more locationservices for UEs 204 that can connect to the LMF 270 via the corenetwork, 5GC 260, and/or via the Internet (not illustrated). The SLP 272may support similar functions to the LMF 270, but whereas the LMF 270may communicate with the AMF 264, NG-RAN 220, and UEs 204 over a controlplane (e.g., using interfaces and protocols intended to convey signalingmessages and not voice or data), the SLP 272 may communicate with UEs204 and external clients (not shown in FIG. 2B) over a user plane (e.g.,using protocols intended to carry voice and/or data like thetransmission control protocol (TCP) and/or IP).

User plane interface 263 and control plane interface 265 connect the 5GC260, and specifically the UPF 262 and AMF 264, respectively, to one ormore gNBs 222 and/or ng-eNBs 224 in the NG-RAN 220. The interfacebetween gNB(s) 222 and/or ng-eNB(s) 224 and the AMF 264 is referred toas the “N2” interface, and the interface between gNB(s) 222 and/orng-eNB(s) 224 and the UPF 262 is referred to as the “N3” interface. ThegNB(s) 222 and/or ng-eNB(s) 224 of the NG-RAN 220 may communicatedirectly with each other via backhaul connections 223, referred to asthe “Xn-C” interface. One or more of gNBs 222 and/or ng-eNBs 224 maycommunicate with one or more UEs 204 over a wireless interface, referredto as the “Uu” interface.

The functionality of a gNB 222 is divided between a gNB central unit(gNB-CU) 226 and one or more gNB distributed units (gNB-DUs) 228. Theinterface 232 between the gNB-CU 226 and the one or more gNB-DUs 228 isreferred to as the “F1” interface. A gNB-CU 226 is a logical node thatincludes the base station functions of transferring user data, mobilitycontrol, radio access network sharing, positioning, session management,and the like, except for those functions allocated exclusively to thegNB-DU(s) 228. More specifically, the gNB-CU 226 hosts the radioresource control (RRC), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), andpacket data convergence protocol (PDCP) protocols of the gNB 222. AgNB-DU 228 is a logical node that hosts the radio link control (RLC),medium access control (MAC), and physical (PHY) layers of the gNB 222.Its operation is controlled by the gNB-CU 226. One gNB-DU 228 cansupport one or more cells, and one cell is supported by only one gNB-DU228. Thus, a UE 204 communicates with the gNB-CU 226 via the RRC, SDAP,and PDCP layers and with a gNB-DU 228 via the RLC, MAC, and PHY layers.

FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C illustrate several example components (representedby corresponding blocks) that may be incorporated into a UE 302 (whichmay correspond to any of the UEs described herein), a base station 304(which may correspond to any of the base stations described herein), anda network entity 306 (which may correspond to or embody any of thenetwork functions described herein, including the location server 230and the LMF 270, or alternatively may be independent from the NG-RAN 220and/or 5GC 210/260 infrastructure depicted in FIGS. 2A and 2B, such as aprivate network) to support the file transmission operations as taughtherein. It will be appreciated that these components may be implementedin different types of apparatuses in different implementations (e.g., inan ASIC, in a system-on-chip (SoC), etc.). The illustrated componentsmay also be incorporated into other apparatuses in a communicationsystem. For example, other apparatuses in a system may includecomponents similar to those described to provide similar functionality.Also, a given apparatus may contain one or more of the components. Forexample, an apparatus may include multiple transceiver components thatenable the apparatus to operate on multiple carriers and/or communicatevia different technologies.

The UE 302 and the base station 304 each include one or more wirelesswide area network (WWAN) transceivers 310 and 350, respectively,providing means for communicating (e.g., means for transmitting, meansfor receiving, means for measuring, means for tuning, means forrefraining from transmitting, etc.) via one or more wirelesscommunication networks (not shown), such as an NR network, an LTEnetwork, a GSM network, and/or the like. The WWAN transceivers 310 and350 may each be connected to one or more antennas 316 and 356,respectively, for communicating with other network nodes, such as otherUEs, access points, base stations (e.g., eNBs, gNBs), etc., via at leastone designated RAT (e.g., NR, LTE, GSM, etc.) over a wirelesscommunication medium of interest (e.g., some set of time/frequencyresources in a particular frequency spectrum). The WWAN transceivers 310and 350 may be variously configured for transmitting and encodingsignals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, and soon), respectively, and, conversely, for receiving and decoding signals318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, and soon), respectively, in accordance with the designated RAT. Specifically,the WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 include one or more transmitters 314and 354, respectively, for transmitting and encoding signals 318 and358, respectively, and one or more receivers 312 and 352, respectively,for receiving and decoding signals 318 and 358, respectively.

The UE 302 and the base station 304 each also include, at least in somecases, one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360,respectively. The short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 may beconnected to one or more antennas 326 and 366, respectively, and providemeans for communicating (e.g., means for transmitting, means forreceiving, means for measuring, means for tuning, means for refrainingfrom transmitting, etc.) with other network nodes, such as other UEs,access points, base stations, etc., via at least one designated RAT(e.g., WiFi, LTE-D, Bluetooth®, Zigbee®, Z-Wave®, PC5, dedicatedshort-range communications (DSRC), wireless access for vehicularenvironments (WAVE), near-field communication (NFC), etc.) over awireless communication medium of interest. The short-range wirelesstransceivers 320 and 360 may be variously configured for transmittingand encoding signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications,information, and so on), respectively, and, conversely, for receivingand decoding signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications,information, pilots, and so on), respectively, in accordance with thedesignated RAT. Specifically, the short-range wireless transceivers 320and 360 include one or more transmitters 324 and 364, respectively, fortransmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368, respectively, and one ormore receivers 322 and 362, respectively, for receiving and decodingsignals 328 and 368, respectively. As specific examples, the short-rangewireless transceivers 320 and 360 may be WiFi transceivers, Bluetooth®transceivers, Zigbee® and/or Z-Wave® transceivers, NFC transceivers, orvehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and/or vehicle-to-everything (V2X)transceivers.

The UE 302 and the base station 304 also include, at least in somecases, satellite signal receivers 330 and 370. The satellite signalreceivers 330 and 370 may be connected to one or more antennas 336 and376, respectively, and may provide means for receiving and/or measuringsatellite positioning/communication signals 338 and 378, respectively.Where the satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 are satellitepositioning system receivers, the satellite positioning/communicationsignals 338 and 378 may be global positioning system (GPS) signals,global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) signals, Galileo signals,Beidou signals, Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (NAVIC),Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), etc. Where the satellite signalreceivers 330 and 370 are non-terrestrial network (NTN) receivers, thesatellite positioning/communication signals 338 and 378 may becommunication signals (e.g., carrying control and/or user data)originating from a 5G network. The satellite signal receivers 330 and370 may comprise any suitable hardware and/or software for receiving andprocessing satellite positioning/communication signals 338 and 378,respectively. The satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 may requestinformation and operations as appropriate from the other systems, and,at least in some cases, perform calculations to determine locations ofthe UE 302 and the base station 304, respectively, using measurementsobtained by any suitable satellite positioning system algorithm.

The base station 304 and the network entity 306 each include one or morenetwork transceivers 380 and 390, respectively, providing means forcommunicating (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, etc.)with other network entities (e.g., other base stations 304, othernetwork entities 306). For example, the base station 304 may employ theone or more network transceivers 380 to communicate with other basestations 304 or network entities 306 over one or more wired or wirelessbackhaul links. As another example, the network entity 306 may employthe one or more network transceivers 390 to communicate with one or morebase station 304 over one or more wired or wireless backhaul links, orwith other network entities 306 over one or more wired or wireless corenetwork interfaces.

A transceiver may be configured to communicate over a wired or wirelesslink. A transceiver (whether a wired transceiver or a wirelesstransceiver) includes transmitter circuitry (e.g., transmitters 314,324, 354, 364) and receiver circuitry (e.g., receivers 312, 322, 352,362). A transceiver may be an integrated device (e.g., embodyingtransmitter circuitry and receiver circuitry in a single device) in someimplementations, may comprise separate transmitter circuitry andseparate receiver circuitry in some implementations, or may be embodiedin other ways in other implementations. The transmitter circuitry andreceiver circuitry of a wired transceiver (e.g., network transceivers380 and 390 in some implementations) may be coupled to one or more wirednetwork interface ports. Wireless transmitter circuitry (e.g.,transmitters 314, 324, 354, 364) may include or be coupled to aplurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as anantenna array, that permits the respective apparatus (e.g., UE 302, basestation 304) to perform transmit “beamforming,” as described herein.Similarly, wireless receiver circuitry (e.g., receivers 312, 322, 352,362) may include or be coupled to a plurality of antennas (e.g.,antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as an antenna array, that permits therespective apparatus (e.g., UE 302, base station 304) to perform receivebeamforming, as described herein. In an aspect, the transmittercircuitry and receiver circuitry may share the same plurality ofantennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such that the respectiveapparatus can only receive or transmit at a given time, not both at thesame time. A wireless transceiver (e.g., WWAN transceivers 310 and 350,short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360) may also include anetwork listen module (NLM) or the like for performing variousmeasurements.

As used herein, the various wireless transceivers (e.g., transceivers310, 320, 350, and 360, and network transceivers 380 and 390 in someimplementations) and wired transceivers (e.g., network transceivers 380and 390 in some implementations) may generally be characterized as “atransceiver,” “at least one transceiver,” or “one or more transceivers.”As such, whether a particular transceiver is a wired or wirelesstransceiver may be inferred from the type of communication performed.For example, backhaul communication between network devices or serverswill generally relate to signaling via a wired transceiver, whereaswireless communication between a UE (e.g., UE 302) and a base station(e.g., base station 304) will generally relate to signaling via awireless transceiver.

The UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 alsoinclude other components that may be used in conjunction with theoperations as disclosed herein. The UE 302, the base station 304, andthe network entity 306 include one or more processors 332, 384, and 394,respectively, for providing functionality relating to, for example,wireless communication, and for providing other processingfunctionality. The processors 332, 384, and 394 may therefore providemeans for processing, such as means for determining, means forcalculating, means for receiving, means for transmitting, means forindicating, etc. In an aspect, the processors 332, 384, and 394 mayinclude, for example, one or more general purpose processors, multi-coreprocessors, central processing units (CPUs), ASICs, digital signalprocessors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), otherprogrammable logic devices or processing circuitry, or variouscombinations thereof.

The UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 includememory circuitry implementing memories 340, 386, and 396 (e.g., eachincluding a memory device), respectively, for maintaining information(e.g., information indicative of reserved resources, thresholds,parameters, and so on). The memories 340, 386, and 396 may thereforeprovide means for storing, means for retrieving, means for maintaining,etc. In some cases, the UE 302, the base station 304, and the networkentity 306 may include positioning component 342, 388, and 398,respectively. The positioning component 342, 388, and 398 may behardware circuits that are part of or coupled to the processors 332,384, and 394, respectively, that, when executed, cause the UE 302, thebase station 304, and the network entity 306 to perform thefunctionality described herein. In other aspects, the positioningcomponent 342, 388, and 398 may be external to the processors 332, 384,and 394 (e.g., part of a modem processing system, integrated withanother processing system, etc.). Alternatively, the positioningcomponent 342, 388, and 398 may be memory modules stored in the memories340, 386, and 396, respectively, that, when executed by the processors332, 384, and 394 (or a modem processing system, another processingsystem, etc.), cause the UE 302, the base station 304, and the networkentity 306 to perform the functionality described herein. FIG. 3Aillustrates possible locations of the positioning component 342, whichmay be, for example, part of the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, thememory 340, the one or more processors 332, or any combination thereof,or may be a standalone component. FIG. 3B illustrates possible locationsof the positioning component 388, which may be, for example, part of theone or more WWAN transceivers 350, the memory 386, the one or moreprocessors 384, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalonecomponent. FIG. 3C illustrates possible locations of the positioningcomponent 398, which may be, for example, part of the one or morenetwork transceivers 390, the memory 396, the one or more processors394, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component.

The UE 302 may include one or more sensors 344 coupled to the one ormore processors 332 to provide means for sensing or detecting movementand/or orientation information that is independent of motion dataderived from signals received by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310,the one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320, and/or thesatellite signal receiver 330. By way of example, the sensor(s) 344 mayinclude an accelerometer (e.g., a micro-electrical mechanical systems(MEMS) device), a gyroscope, a geomagnetic sensor (e.g., a compass), analtimeter (e.g., a barometric pressure altimeter), and/or any other typeof movement detection sensor. Moreover, the sensor(s) 344 may include aplurality of different types of devices and combine their outputs inorder to provide motion information. For example, the sensor(s) 344 mayuse a combination of a multi-axis accelerometer and orientation sensorsto provide the ability to compute positions in two-dimensional (2D)and/or three-dimensional (3D) coordinate systems.

In addition, the UE 302 includes a user interface 346 providing meansfor providing indications (e.g., audible and/or visual indications) to auser and/or for receiving user input (e.g., upon user actuation of asensing device such a keypad, a touch screen, a microphone, and so on).Although not shown, the base station 304 and the network entity 306 mayalso include user interfaces.

Referring to the one or more processors 384 in more detail, in thedownlink, IP packets from the network entity 306 may be provided to theprocessor 384. The one or more processors 384 may implementfunctionality for an RRC layer, a packet data convergence protocol(PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium accesscontrol (MAC) layer. The one or more processors 384 may provide RRClayer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information(e.g., master information block (MIB), system information blocks(SIBs)), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRCconnection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRCconnection release), inter-RAT mobility, and measurement configurationfor UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated withheader compression/decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering,integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover supportfunctions; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upperlayer PDUs, error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ),concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units(SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC dataPDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping betweenlogical channels and transport channels, scheduling informationreporting, error correction, priority handling, and logical channelprioritization.

The transmitter 354 and the receiver 352 may implement Layer-1 (L1)functionality associated with various signal processing functions.Layer-1, which includes a physical (PHY) layer, may include errordetection on the transport channels, forward error correction (FEC)coding/decoding of the transport channels, interleaving, rate matching,mapping onto physical channels, modulation/demodulation of physicalchannels, and MIMO antenna processing. The transmitter 354 handlesmapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes(e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying(QPSK), M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation(M-QAM)). The coded and modulated symbols may then be split intoparallel streams. Each stream may then be mapped to an orthogonalfrequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarrier, multiplexed with areference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and/or frequency domain, andthen combined together using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) toproduce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream.The OFDM symbol stream is spatially precoded to produce multiple spatialstreams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator may be used todetermine the coding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatialprocessing. The channel estimate may be derived from a reference signaland/or channel condition feedback transmitted by the UE 302. Eachspatial stream may then be provided to one or more different antennas356. The transmitter 354 may modulate an RF carrier with a respectivespatial stream for transmission.

At the UE 302, the receiver 312 receives a signal through its respectiveantenna(s) 316. The receiver 312 recovers information modulated onto anRF carrier and provides the information to the one or more processors332. The transmitter 314 and the receiver 312 implement Layer-1functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Thereceiver 312 may perform spatial processing on the information torecover any spatial streams destined for the UE 302. If multiple spatialstreams are destined for the UE 302, they may be combined by thereceiver 312 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The receiver 312 thenconverts the OFDM symbol stream from the time-domain to the frequencydomain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT). The frequency domain signalcomprises a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDMsignal. The symbols on each subcarrier, and the reference signal, arerecovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signalconstellation points transmitted by the base station 304. These softdecisions may be based on channel estimates computed by a channelestimator. The soft decisions are then decoded and de-interleaved torecover the data and control signals that were originally transmitted bythe base station 304 on the physical channel. The data and controlsignals are then provided to the one or more processors 332, whichimplements Layer-3 (L3) and Layer-2 (L2) functionality.

In the uplink, the one or more processors 332 provides demultiplexingbetween transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering,header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IPpackets from the core network. The one or more processors 332 are alsoresponsible for error detection.

Similar to the functionality described in connection with the downlinktransmission by the base station 304, the one or more processors 332provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information(e.g., MIB, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connections, and measurementreporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with headercompression/decompression, and security (ciphering, deciphering,integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionalityassociated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correctionthrough ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs,re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; andMAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channelsand transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks(TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling informationreporting, error correction through hybrid automatic repeat request(HARQ), priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

Channel estimates derived by the channel estimator from a referencesignal or feedback transmitted by the base station 304 may be used bythe transmitter 314 to select the appropriate coding and modulationschemes, and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streamsgenerated by the transmitter 314 may be provided to different antenna(s)316. The transmitter 314 may modulate an RF carrier with a respectivespatial stream for transmission.

The uplink transmission is processed at the base station 304 in a mannersimilar to that described in connection with the receiver function atthe UE 302. The receiver 352 receives a signal through its respectiveantenna(s) 356. The receiver 352 recovers information modulated onto anRF carrier and provides the information to the one or more processors384.

In the uplink, the one or more processors 384 provides demultiplexingbetween transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering,header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packetsfrom the UE 302. IP packets from the one or more processors 384 may beprovided to the core network. The one or more processors 384 are alsoresponsible for error detection.

For convenience, the UE 302, the base station 304, and/or the networkentity 306 are shown in FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C as including variouscomponents that may be configured according to the various examplesdescribed herein. It will be appreciated, however, that the illustratedcomponents may have different functionality in different designs. Inparticular, various components in FIGS. 3A to 3C are optional inalternative configurations and the various aspects includeconfigurations that may vary due to design choice, costs, use of thedevice, or other considerations. For example, in case of FIG. 3A, aparticular implementation of UE 302 may omit the WWAN transceiver(s) 310(e.g., a wearable device or tablet computer or PC or laptop may haveWi-Fi and/or Bluetooth capability without cellular capability), or mayomit the short-range wireless transceiver(s) 320 (e.g., cellular-only,etc.), or may omit the satellite signal receiver 330, or may omit thesensor(s) 344, and so on. In another example, in case of FIG. 3B, aparticular implementation of the base station 304 may omit the WWANtransceiver(s) 350 (e.g., a Wi-Fi “hotspot” access point withoutcellular capability), or may omit the short-range wirelesstransceiver(s) 360 (e.g., cellular-only, etc.), or may omit thesatellite receiver 370, and so on. For brevity, illustration of thevarious alternative configurations is not provided herein, but would bereadily understandable to one skilled in the art.

The various components of the UE 302, the base station 304, and thenetwork entity 306 may be communicatively coupled to each other overdata buses 334, 382, and 392, respectively. In an aspect, the data buses334, 382, and 392 may form, or be part of, a communication interface ofthe UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306,respectively. For example, where different logical entities are embodiedin the same device (e.g., gNB and location server functionalityincorporated into the same base station 304), the data buses 334, 382,and 392 may provide communication between them.

The components of FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C may be implemented in variousways. In some implementations, the components of FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3Cmay be implemented in one or more circuits such as, for example, one ormore processors and/or one or more ASICs (which may include one or moreprocessors). Here, each circuit may use and/or incorporate at least onememory component for storing information or executable code used by thecircuit to provide this functionality. For example, some or all of thefunctionality represented by blocks 310 to 346 may be implemented byprocessor and memory component(s) of the UE 302 (e.g., by execution ofappropriate code and/or by appropriate configuration of processorcomponents). Similarly, some or all of the functionality represented byblocks 350 to 388 may be implemented by processor and memorycomponent(s) of the base station 304 (e.g., by execution of appropriatecode and/or by appropriate configuration of processor components). Also,some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 390 to 398 may beimplemented by processor and memory component(s) of the network entity306 (e.g., by execution of appropriate code and/or by appropriateconfiguration of processor components). For simplicity, variousoperations, acts, and/or functions are described herein as beingperformed “by a UE,” “by a base station,” “by a network entity,” etc.However, as will be appreciated, such operations, acts, and/or functionsmay actually be performed by specific components or combinations ofcomponents of the UE 302, base station 304, network entity 306, etc.,such as the processors 332, 384, 394, the transceivers 310, 320, 350,and 360, the memories 340, 386, and 396, the positioning component 342,388, and 398, etc.

In some designs, the network entity 306 may be implemented as a corenetwork component. In other designs, the network entity 306 may bedistinct from a network operator or operation of the cellular networkinfrastructure (e.g., NG RAN 220 and/or 5GC 210/260). For example, thenetwork entity 306 may be a component of a private network that may beconfigured to communicate with the UE 302 via the base station 304 orindependently from the base station 304 (e.g., over a non-cellularcommunication link, such as WiFi).

NR supports a number of cellular network-based positioning technologies,including downlink-based, uplink-based, and downlink-and-uplink-basedpositioning methods. Downlink-based positioning methods include observedtime difference of arrival (OTDOA) in LTE, downlink time difference ofarrival (DL-TDOA) in NR, and downlink angle-of-departure (DL-AoD) in NR.In an OTDOA or DL-TDOA positioning procedure, a UE measures thedifferences between the times of arrival (ToAs) of reference signals(e.g., positioning reference signals (PRS)) received from pairs of basestations, referred to as reference signal time difference (RSTD) or timedifference of arrival (TDOA) measurements, and reports them to apositioning entity. More specifically, the UE receives the identifiers(IDs) of a reference base station (e.g., a serving base station) andmultiple non-reference base stations in assistance data. The UE thenmeasures the RSTD between the reference base station and each of thenon-reference base stations. Based on the known locations of theinvolved base stations and the RSTD measurements, the positioning entity(e.g., the UE for UE-based positioning or a location server forUE-assisted positioning) can estimate the UE's location.

For DL-AoD positioning, the positioning entity uses a beam report fromthe UE of received signal strength measurements of multiple downlinktransmit beams to determine the angle(s) between the UE and thetransmitting base station(s). The positioning entity can then estimatethe location of the UE based on the determined angle(s) and the knownlocation(s) of the transmitting base station(s).

Uplink-based positioning methods include uplink time difference ofarrival (UL-TDOA) and uplink angle-of-arrival (UL-AoA). UL-TDOA issimilar to DL-TDOA, but is based on uplink reference signals (e.g.,sounding reference signals (SRS)) transmitted by the UE. For UL-AoApositioning, one or more base stations measure the received signalstrength of one or more uplink reference signals (e.g., SRS) receivedfrom a UE on one or more uplink receive beams. The positioning entityuses the signal strength measurements and the angle(s) of the receivebeam(s) to determine the angle(s) between the UE and the basestation(s). Based on the determined angle(s) and the known location(s)of the base station(s), the positioning entity can then estimate thelocation of the UE.

Downlink-and-uplink-based positioning methods include enhanced cell-ID(E-CID) positioning and multi-round-trip-time (RTT) positioning (alsoreferred to as “multi-cell RTT” and “multi-RTT”). In an RTT procedure, afirst entity (e.g., a base station or a UE) transmits a firstRTT-related signal (e.g., a PRS or SRS) to a second entity (e.g., a UEor base station), which transmits a second RTT-related signal (e.g., anSRS or PRS) back to the first entity. Each entity measures the timedifference between the time of arrival (ToA) of the received RTT-relatedsignal and the transmission time of the transmitted RTT-related signal.This time difference is referred to as a reception-to-transmission(Rx-Tx) time difference. The Rx-Tx time difference measurement may bemade, or may be adjusted, to include only a time difference betweennearest subframe boundaries for the received and transmitted signals.Both entities may then send their Rx-Tx time difference measurement to alocation server (e.g., an LMF 270), which calculates the round trippropagation time (i.e., RTT) between the two entities from the two Rx-Txtime difference measurements (e.g., as the sum of the two Rx-Tx timedifference measurements). Alternatively, one entity may send its Rx-Txtime difference measurement to the other entity, which then calculatesthe RTT. The distance between the two entities can be determined fromthe RTT and the known signal speed (e.g., the speed of light). Formulti-RTT positioning, a first entity (e.g., a UE or base station)performs an RTT positioning procedure with multiple second entities(e.g., multiple base stations or UEs) to enable the location of thefirst entity to be determined (e.g., using multilateration) based ondistances to, and the known locations of, the second entities. RTT andmulti-RTT methods can be combined with other positioning techniques,such as UL-AoA and DL-AoD, to improve location accuracy.

The E-CID positioning method is based on radio resource management (RRM)measurements. In E-CID, the UE reports the serving cell ID, the timingadvance (TA), and the identifiers, estimated timing, and signal strengthof detected neighbor base stations. The location of the UE is thenestimated based on this information and the known locations of the basestation(s).

To assist positioning operations, a location server (e.g., locationserver 230, LMF 270, SLP 272) may provide assistance data to the UE. Forexample, the assistance data may include identifiers of the basestations (or the cells/TRPs of the base stations) from which to measurereference signals, the reference signal configuration parameters (e.g.,the number of consecutive positioning subframes, periodicity ofpositioning subframes, muting sequence, frequency hopping sequence,reference signal identifier, reference signal bandwidth, etc.), and/orother parameters applicable to the particular positioning method.Alternatively, the assistance data may originate directly from the basestations themselves (e.g., in periodically broadcasted overheadmessages, etc.). In some cases, the UE may be able to detect neighbornetwork nodes itself without the use of assistance data.

In the case of an OTDOA or DL-TDOA positioning procedure, the assistancedata may further include an expected RSTD value and an associateduncertainty, or search window, around the expected RSTD. In some cases,the value range of the expected RSTD may be +/−500 microseconds (μs). Insome cases, when any of the resources used for the positioningmeasurement are in FR1, the value range for the uncertainty of theexpected RSTD may be +/−32 μs. In other cases, when all of the resourcesused for the positioning measurement(s) are in FR2, the value range forthe uncertainty of the expected RSTD may be +/−8 μs.

A location estimate may be referred to by other names, such as aposition estimate, location, position, position fix, fix, or the like. Alocation estimate may be geodetic and comprise coordinates (e.g.,latitude, longitude, and possibly altitude) or may be civic and comprisea street address, postal address, or some other verbal description of alocation. A location estimate may further be defined relative to someother known location or defined in absolute terms (e.g., using latitude,longitude, and possibly altitude). A location estimate may include anexpected error or uncertainty (e.g., by including an area or volumewithin which the location is expected to be included with some specifiedor default level of confidence).

Various frame structures may be used to support downlink and uplinktransmissions between network nodes (e.g., base stations and UEs). FIG.4A is a diagram 400 illustrating an example frame structure, accordingto aspects of the disclosure. The frame structure may be a downlink oruplink frame structure. Other wireless communications technologies mayhave different frame structures and/or different channels.

LTE, and in some cases NR, utilizes OFDM on the downlink andsingle-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) on the uplink.Unlike LTE, however, NR has an option to use OFDM on the uplink as well.OFDM and SC-FDM partition the system bandwidth into multiple (K)orthogonal subcarriers, which are also commonly referred to as tones,bins, etc. Each subcarrier may be modulated with data. In general,modulation symbols are sent in the frequency domain with OFDM and in thetime domain with SC-FDM. The spacing between adjacent subcarriers may befixed, and the total number of subcarriers (K) may be dependent on thesystem bandwidth. For example, the spacing of the subcarriers may be 15kilohertz (kHz) and the minimum resource allocation (resource block) maybe 12 subcarriers (or 180 kHz). Consequently, the nominal FFT size maybe equal to 128, 256, 512, 1024, or 2048 for system bandwidth of 1.25,2.5, 5, 10, or 20 megahertz (MHz), respectively. The system bandwidthmay also be partitioned into subbands. For example, a subband may cover1.08 MHz (i.e., 6 resource blocks), and there may be 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16subbands for system bandwidth of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 MHz,respectively.

LTE supports a single numerology (subcarrier spacing (SCS), symbollength, etc.). In contrast, NR may support multiple numerologies (μ),for example, subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz (μ=0), 30 kHz (μ=1), 60 kHz(μ=2), 120 kHz (μ=3), and 240 kHz (μ=4) or greater may be available. Ineach subcarrier spacing, there are 14 symbols per slot. For 15 kHz SCS(μ=0), there is one slot per subframe, 10 slots per frame, the slotduration is 1 millisecond (ms), the symbol duration is 66.7 microseconds(μs), and the maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) with a 4K FFTsize is 50. For 30 kHz SCS (μ=1), there are two slots per subframe, 20slots per frame, the slot duration is 0.5 ms, the symbol duration is33.3 μs, and the maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) with a 4K FFTsize is 100. For 60 kHz SCS (μ=2), there are four slots per subframe, 40slots per frame, the slot duration is 0.25 ms, the symbol duration is16.7 μs, and the maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) with a 4K FFTsize is 200. For 120 kHz SCS (μ=3), there are eight slots per subframe,80 slots per frame, the slot duration is 0.125 ms, the symbol durationis 8.33 μs, and the maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) with a 4KFFT size is 400. For 240 kHz SCS (μ=4), there are 16 slots per subframe,160 slots per frame, the slot duration is 0.0625 ms, the symbol durationis 4.17 μs, and the maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) with a 4KFFT size is 800.

In the example of FIG. 4A, a numerology of 15 kHz is used. Thus, in thetime domain, a 10 ms frame is divided into 10 equally sized subframes of1 ms each, and each subframe includes one time slot. In FIG. 4A, time isrepresented horizontally (on the X axis) with time increasing from leftto right, while frequency is represented vertically (on the Y axis) withfrequency increasing (or decreasing) from bottom to top.

A resource grid may be used to represent time slots, each time slotincluding one or more time-concurrent resource blocks (RBs) (alsoreferred to as physical RBs (PRBs)) in the frequency domain. Theresource grid is further divided into multiple resource elements (REs).An RE may correspond to one symbol length in the time domain and onesubcarrier in the frequency domain. In the numerology of FIG. 4A, for anormal cyclic prefix, an RB may contain 12 consecutive subcarriers inthe frequency domain and seven consecutive symbols in the time domain,for a total of 84 REs. For an extended cyclic prefix, an RB may contain12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and six consecutivesymbols in the time domain, for a total of 72 REs. The number of bitscarried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

Some of the REs may carry reference (pilot) signals (RS). The referencesignals may include positioning reference signals (PRS), trackingreference signals (TRS), phase tracking reference signals (PTRS),cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state informationreference signals (CSI-RS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS),primary synchronization signals (PSS), secondary synchronization signals(SSS), synchronization signal blocks (SSBs), sounding reference signals(SRS), etc., depending on whether the illustrated frame structure isused for uplink or downlink communication. FIG. 4A illustrates examplelocations of REs carrying a reference signal (labeled “R”).

A collection of resource elements (REs) that are used for transmissionof PRS is referred to as a “PRS resource.” The collection of resourceelements can span multiple PRBs in the frequency domain and ‘N’ (such as1 or more) consecutive symbol(s) within a slot in the time domain. In agiven OFDM symbol in the time domain, a PRS resource occupiesconsecutive PRBs in the frequency domain.

The transmission of a PRS resource within a given PRB has a particularcomb size (also referred to as the “comb density”). A comb size ‘N’represents the subcarrier spacing (or frequency/tone spacing) withineach symbol of a PRS resource configuration.

Specifically, for a comb size ‘N,’ PRS are transmitted in every Nthsubcarrier of a symbol of a PRB. For example, for comb-4, for eachsymbol of the PRS resource configuration, REs corresponding to everyfourth subcarrier (such as subcarriers 0, 4, 8) are used to transmit PRSof the PRS resource. Currently, comb sizes of comb-2, comb-4, comb-6,and comb-12 are supported for DL-PRS. FIG. 4A illustrates an example PRSresource configuration for comb-4 (which spans four symbols). That is,the locations of the shaded REs (labeled “R”) indicate a comb-4 PRSresource configuration.

Currently, a DL-PRS resource may span 2, 4, 6, or 12 consecutive symbolswithin a slot with a fully frequency-domain staggered pattern. A DL-PRSresource can be configured in any higher layer configured downlink orflexible (FL) symbol of a slot. There may be a constant energy perresource element (EPRE) for all REs of a given DL-PRS resource. Thefollowing are the frequency offsets from symbol to symbol for comb sizes2, 4, 6, and 12 over 2, 4, 6, and 12 symbols. 2-symbol comb-2: {0, 1};4-symbol comb-2: {0, 1, 0, 1}; 6-symbol comb-2: {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1};12-symbol comb-2: {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 11; 4-symbol comb-4:{0, 2, 1, 31 (as in the example of FIG. 4A); 12-symbol comb-4: {0, 2, 1,3, 0, 2, 1, 3, 0, 2, 1, 3}; 6-symbol comb-6: {0, 3, 1, 4, 2, 5};12-symbol comb-6: {0, 3, 1, 4, 2, 5, 0, 3, 1, 4, 2, 5}; and 12-symbolcomb-12: {0, 6, 3, 9, 1, 7, 4, 10, 2, 8, 5, 11}.

A “PRS resource set” is a set of PRS resources used for the transmissionof PRS signals, where each PRS resource has a PRS resource ID. Inaddition, the PRS resources in a PRS resource set are associated withthe same TRP. A PRS resource set is identified by a PRS resource set IDand is associated with a particular TRP (identified by a TRP ID). Inaddition, the PRS resources in a PRS resource set have the sameperiodicity, a common muting pattern configuration, and the samerepetition factor (such as “PRS-ResourceRepetitionFactor”) across slots.The periodicity is the time from the first repetition of the first PRSresource of a first PRS instance to the same first repetition of thesame first PRS resource of the next PRS instance. The periodicity mayhave a length selected from 2{circumflex over ( )}μ*{4, 5, 8, 10, 16,20, 32, 40, 64, 80, 160, 320, 640, 1280, 2560, 5120, 10240} slots, withμ=0, 1, 2, 3. The repetition factor may have a length selected from {1,2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 32} slots.

A PRS resource ID in a PRS resource set is associated with a single beam(or beam ID) transmitted from a single TRP (where a TRP may transmit oneor more beams). That is, each PRS resource of a PRS resource set may betransmitted on a different beam, and as such, a “PRS resource,” orsimply “resource,” also can be referred to as a “beam.” Note that thisdoes not have any implications on whether the TRPs and the beams onwhich PRS are transmitted are known to the UE.

A “PRS instance” or “PRS occasion” is one instance of a periodicallyrepeated time window (such as a group of one or more consecutive slots)where PRS are expected to be transmitted. A PRS occasion also may bereferred to as a “PRS positioning occasion,” a “PRS positioninginstance, a “positioning occasion,” “a positioning instance,” a“positioning repetition,” or simply an “occasion,” an “instance,” or a“repetition.”

A “positioning frequency layer” (also referred to simply as a “frequencylayer”) is a collection of one or more PRS resource sets across one ormore TRPs that have the same values for certain parameters.Specifically, the collection of PRS resource sets has the samesubcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix (CP) type (meaning all numerologiessupported for the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) are alsosupported for PRS), the same Point A, the same value of the downlink PRSbandwidth, the same start PRB (and center frequency), and the samecomb-size. The Point A parameter takes the value of the parameter“ARFCN-ValueNR” (where “ARFCN” stands for “absolute radio-frequencychannel number”) and is an identifier/code that specifies a pair ofphysical radio channel used for transmission and reception. The downlinkPRS bandwidth may have a granularity of four PRBs, with a minimum of 24PRBs and a maximum of 272 PRBs. Currently, up to four frequency layershave been defined, and up to two PRS resource sets may be configured perTRP per frequency layer.

The concept of a frequency layer is somewhat like the concept ofcomponent carriers and bandwidth parts (BWPs), but different in thatcomponent carriers and BWPs are used by one base station (or a macrocell base station and a small cell base station) to transmit datachannels, while frequency layers are used by several (usually three ormore) base stations to transmit PRS. A UE may indicate the number offrequency layers it can support when it sends the network itspositioning capabilities, such as during an LTE positioning protocol(LPP) session. For example, a UE may indicate whether it can support oneor four positioning frequency layers.

FIG. 4B is a diagram 430 illustrating various downlink channels withinan example downlink slot. In FIG. 4B, time is represented horizontally(on the X axis) with time increasing from left to right, while frequencyis represented vertically (on the Y axis) with frequency increasing (ordecreasing) from bottom to top. In the example of FIG. 4B, a numerologyof 15 kHz is used. Thus, in the time domain, the illustrated slot is onemillisecond (ms) in length, divided into 14 symbols.

In NR, the channel bandwidth, or system bandwidth, is divided intomultiple bandwidth parts (BWPs). A BWP is a contiguous set of RBsselected from a contiguous subset of the common RBs for a givennumerology on a given carrier. Generally, a maximum of four BWPs can bespecified in the downlink and uplink. That is, a UE can be configuredwith up to four BWPs on the downlink, and up to four BWPs on the uplink.Only one BWP (uplink or downlink) may be active at a given time, meaningthe UE may only receive or transmit over one BWP at a time. On thedownlink, the bandwidth of each BWP should be equal to or greater thanthe bandwidth of the SSB, but it may or may not contain the SSB.

Referring to FIG. 4B, a primary synchronization signal (PSS) is used bya UE to determine subframe/symbol timing and a physical layer identity.A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) is used by a UE to determine aphysical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing. Basedon the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identitygroup number, the UE can determine a PCI. Based on the PCI, the UE candetermine the locations of the aforementioned DL-RS. The physicalbroadcast channel (PBCH), which carries a master information block(MIB), may be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form an SSB(also referred to as an SS/PBCH). The MIB provides a number of RBs inthe downlink system bandwidth and a system frame number (SFN). Thephysical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcastsystem information not transmitted through the PBCH, such as systeminformation blocks (SIBs), and paging messages.

The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries downlink controlinformation (DCI) within one or more control channel elements (CCEs),each CCE including one or more RE group (REG) bundles (which may spanmultiple symbols in the time domain), each REG bundle including one ormore REGs, each REG corresponding to 12 resource elements (one resourceblock) in the frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in the time domain.The set of physical resources used to carry the PDCCH/DCI is referred toin NR as the control resource set (CORESET). In NR, a PDCCH is confinedto a single CORESET and is transmitted with its own DMRS. This enablesUE-specific beamforming for the PDCCH.

In the example of FIG. 4B, there is one CORESET per BWP, and the CORESETspans three symbols (although it may be only one or two symbols) in thetime domain. Unlike LTE control channels, which occupy the entire systembandwidth, in NR, PDCCH channels are localized to a specific region inthe frequency domain (i.e., a CORESET). Thus, the frequency component ofthe PDCCH shown in FIG. 4B is illustrated as less than a single BWP inthe frequency domain. Note that although the illustrated CORESET iscontiguous in the frequency domain, it need not be. In addition, theCORESET may span less than three symbols in the time domain.

The DCI within the PDCCH carries information about uplink resourceallocation (persistent and non-persistent) and descriptions aboutdownlink data transmitted to the UE, referred to as uplink and downlinkgrants, respectively. More specifically, the DCI indicates the resourcesscheduled for the downlink data channel (e.g., PDSCH) and the uplinkdata channel (e.g., physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)). Multiple(e.g., up to eight) DCIs can be configured in the PDCCH, and these DCIscan have one of multiple formats. For example, there are different DCIformats for uplink scheduling, for downlink scheduling, for uplinktransmit power control (TPC), etc. A PDCCH may be transported by 1, 2,4, 8, or 16 CCEs in order to accommodate different DCI payload sizes orcoding rates.

In an aspect, the reference signal carried on the REs labeled “R” inFIG. 4A may be SRS. SRS transmitted by a UE may be used by a basestation to obtain the channel state information (CSI) for thetransmitting UE. CSI describes how an RF signal propagates from the UEto the base station and represents the combined effect of scattering,fading, and power decay with distance. The system uses the SRS forresource scheduling, link adaptation, massive MIMO, beam management,etc.

A collection of REs that are used for transmission of SRS is referred toas an “SRS resource,” and may be identified by the parameter“SRS-ResourceId.” The collection of resource elements can span multiplePRBs in the frequency domain and ‘N’ (e.g., one or more) consecutivesymbol(s) within a slot in the time domain. In a given OFDM symbol, anSRS resource occupies one or more consecutive PRBs. An “SRS resourceset” is a set of SRS resources used for the transmission of SRS signals,and is identified by an SRS resource set ID (“SRS-ResourceSetId”).

The transmission of SRS resources within a given PRB has a particularcomb size (also referred to as the “comb density”). A comb size ‘N’represents the subcarrier spacing (or frequency/tone spacing) withineach symbol of an SRS resource configuration. Specifically, for a combsize ‘N,’ SRS are transmitted in every Nth subcarrier of a symbol of aPRB. For example, for comb-4, for each symbol of the SRS resourceconfiguration, REs corresponding to every fourth subcarrier (such assubcarriers 0, 4, 8) are used to transmit SRS of the SRS resource. Inthe example of FIG. 4A, the illustrated SRS is comb-4 over four symbols.That is, the locations of the shaded SRS REs indicate a comb-4 SRSresource configuration.

Currently, an SRS resource may span 1, 2, 4, 8, or 12 consecutivesymbols within a slot with a comb size of comb-2, comb-4, or comb-8. Thefollowing are the frequency offsets from symbol to symbol for the SRScomb patterns that are currently supported. 1-symbol comb-2: {0};2-symbol comb-2: {0, 1}; 2-symbol comb-4: {0, 2}; 4-symbol comb-2: {0,1, 0, 11; 4-symbol comb-4: {0, 2, 1, 31 (as in the example of FIG. 4A);8-symbol comb-4: {0, 2, 1, 3, 0, 2, 1, 3}; 12-symbol comb-4: {0, 2, 1,3, 0, 2, 1, 3, 0, 2, 1, 3}; 4-symbol comb-8: {0, 4, 2, 6}; 8-symbolcomb-8: {0, 4, 2, 6, 1, 5, 3, 7}; and 12-symbol comb-8: {0, 4, 2, 6, 1,5, 3, 7, 0, 4, 2, 6}.

Generally, as noted above, a UE transmits SRS to enable the receivingbase station (either the serving base station or a neighboring basestation) to measure the channel quality (i.e., CSI) between the UE andthe base station. However, SRS can also be specifically configured asuplink positioning reference signals for uplink-based positioningprocedures, such as uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA),round-trip-time (RTT), uplink angle-of-arrival (UL-AoA), etc. As usedherein, the term “SRS” may refer to SRS configured for channel qualitymeasurements or SRS configured for positioning purposes. The former maybe referred to herein as “SRS-for-communication” and/or the latter maybe referred to as “SRS-for-positioning” or “positioning SRS” when neededto distinguish the two types of SRS.

Several enhancements over the previous definition of SRS have beenproposed for SRS-for-positioning (also referred to as “UL-PRS”), such asa new staggered pattern within an SRS resource (except forsingle-symbol/comb-2), a new comb type for SRS, new sequences for SRS, ahigher number of SRS resource sets per component carrier, and a highernumber of SRS resources per component carrier. In addition, theparameters “SpatialRelationInfo” and “PathLossReference” are to beconfigured based on a downlink reference signal or SSB from aneighboring TRP. Further still, one SRS resource may be transmittedoutside the active BWP, and one SRS resource may span across multiplecomponent carriers. Also, SRS may be configured in RRC connected stateand only transmitted within an active BWP. Further, there may be nofrequency hopping, no repetition factor, a single antenna port, and newlengths for SRS (e.g., 8 and 12 symbols). There also may be open-looppower control and not closed-loop power control, and comb-8 (i.e., anSRS transmitted every eighth subcarrier in the same symbol) may be used.Lastly, the UE may transmit through the same transmit beam from multipleSRS resources for UL-AoA. All of these are features that are additionalto the current SRS framework, which is configured through RRC higherlayer signaling (and potentially triggered or activated through a MACcontrol element (MAC-CE) or DCI).

Note that the terms “positioning reference signal” and “PRS” generallyrefer to specific reference signals that are used for positioning in NRand LTE systems. However, as used herein, the terms “positioningreference signal” and “PRS” may also refer to any type of referencesignal that can be used for positioning, such as but not limited to, PRSas defined in LTE and NR, TRS, PTRS, CRS, CSI-RS, DMRS, PSS, SSS, SSB,SRS, UL-PRS, etc. In addition, the terms “positioning reference signal”and “PRS” may refer to downlink or uplink positioning reference signals,unless otherwise indicated by the context. If needed to furtherdistinguish the type of PRS, a downlink positioning reference signal maybe referred to as a “DL-PRS,” and an uplink positioning reference signal(e.g., an SRS-for-positioning, PTRS) may be referred to as an “UL-PRS.”In addition, for signals that may be transmitted in both the uplink anddownlink (e.g., DMRS, PTRS), the signals may be prepended with “UL” or“DL” to distinguish the direction. For example, “UL-DMRS” may bedifferentiated from “DL-DMRS.”

FIG. 4C is a diagram 450 illustrating various uplink channels within anexample uplink slot. In FIG. 4C, time is represented horizontally (onthe X axis) with time increasing from left to right, while frequency isrepresented vertically (on the Y axis) with frequency increasing (ordecreasing) from bottom to top. In the example of FIG. 4C, a numerologyof 15 kHz is used. Thus, in the time domain, the illustrated slot is onemillisecond (ms) in length, divided into 14 symbols.

A random-access channel (RACH), also referred to as a physicalrandom-access channel (PRACH), may be within one or more slots within aframe based on the PRACH configuration. The PRACH may include sixconsecutive RB pairs within a slot. The PRACH allows the UE to performinitial system access and achieve uplink synchronization. A physicaluplink control channel (PUCCH) may be located on edges of the uplinksystem bandwidth. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI),such as scheduling requests, CSI reports, a channel quality indicator(CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a rank indicator (RI), andHARQ ACK/NACK feedback. The physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)carries data, and may additionally be used to carry a buffer statusreport (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), and/or UCI.

Even when there is no traffic being transmitted from the network to aUE, the UE is expected to monitor every downlink subframe on thephysical downlink control channel (PDCCH). This means that the UE has tobe “on,” or active, all the time, even when there is no traffic, sincethe UE does not know exactly when the network will transmit data for it.However, being active all the time is a significant power drain for aUE.

To address this issue, a UE may implement discontinuous reception (DRX)and/or connected-mode discontinuous reception (CDRX) techniques. DRX andCDRX are mechanisms in which a UE goes into a “sleep” mode for ascheduled periods of time and “wakes up” for other periods of time.During the wake, or active, periods, the UE checks to see if there isany data coming from the network, and if there is not, goes back intosleep mode.

To implement DRX and CDRX, the UE and the network need to besynchronized. In a worst-case scenario, the network may attempt to sendsome data to the UE while the UE is in sleep mode, and the UE may wakeup when there is no data to be received. To prevent such scenarios, theUE and the network should have a well-defined agreement about when theUE can be in sleep mode and when the UE should be awake/active. Thisagreement has been standardized in various technical specifications.Note that DRX includes CDRX, and thus, references to DRX refer to bothDRX and CDRX, unless otherwise indicated.

The network (e.g., serving cell) can configure the UE with the DRX/CDRXtiming using an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message (for CDRX) or anRRC Connection Setup message (for DRX). The network can signal thefollowing DRX configuration parameters to the UE. (1) DRX Cycle: Theduration of one ‘ON time’ plus one ‘OFF time.’ This value is notexplicitly specified in RRC messages; rather, it is calculated by thesubframe/slot time and “long DRX cycle start offset.” (2) ON DurationTimer: The duration of ‘ON time’ within one DRX cycle, indicated by theparameter “drx-onDurationTimer.” (3) DRX Inactivity Timer: How long a UEshould remain ‘ON’ after the reception of a PDCCH. When this timer ison, the UE remains in the ‘ON state,’ which may extend the ON periodinto the period that would be the ‘OFF’ period otherwise. (4) DRXRetransmission Timer: The maximum number of consecutive PDCCHsubframes/slots a UE should remain active to wait for an incomingretransmission after the first available retransmission time. (5) ShortDRX Cycle: A DRX cycle that can be implemented within the ‘OFF’ periodof a long DRX cycle. (6) DRX Short Cycle Timer: The consecutive numberof subframes/slots that should follow the short DRX cycle after the DRXinactivity timer has expired.

FIGS. 5A to 5C illustrate example DRX configurations, according toaspects of the disclosure. FIG. 5A illustrates an example DRXconfiguration 500A in which a long DRX cycle (the time from the start ofone ON duration to the start of the next ON duration) is configured andno PDCCH is received during the cycle. FIG. 5B illustrates an exampleDRX configuration 500B in which a long DRX cycle is configured and aPDCCH is received during an ON duration 510 of the second DRX cycleillustrated. Note that the ON duration 510 ends at time 512. However,the time that the UE is awake/active (the “active time”) is extended totime 514 based on the length of the DRX inactivity timer and the time atwhich the PDCCH is received. Specifically, when the PDCCH is received,the UE starts the DRX inactivity timer and stays in the active stateuntil the expiration of that timer (which is reset each time a PDCCH isreceived during the active time).

FIG. 5C illustrates an example DRX configuration 500C in which a longDRX cycle is configured and a PDCCH and a DRX command MAC controlelement (MAC-CE) are received during an ON duration 520 of the secondDRX cycle illustrated. Note that the active time beginning during ONduration 520 would normally end at time 524 due to the reception of thePDCCH at time 522 and the subsequent expiration of the DRX inactivitytimer at time 524, as discussed above with reference to FIG. 5B.However, in the example of FIG. 5C, the active time is shortened to time526 based on the time at which the DRX command MAC-CE, which instructsthe UE to terminate the DRX inactivity timer and the ON duration timer,is received.

In greater detail, the active time of a DRX cycle is the time duringwhich the UE is considered to be monitoring the PDCCH. The active timemay include the time during which the ON duration timer is running, theDRX inactivity timer is running, the DRX retransmission timer isrunning, the MAC contention resolution timer is running, a schedulingrequest has been sent on the PUCCH and is pending, an uplink grant for apending HARQ retransmission can occur and there is data in thecorresponding HARQ buffer, or a PDCCH indicating a new transmissionaddressed to the cell radio network temporary identifier (C-RNTI) of theUE has not been received after successful reception of a random accessresponse (RAR) for the preamble not selected by the UE. And, innon-contention-based random access, after receiving the RAR, the UEshould be in an active state until the PDCCH indicating new transmissionaddressed to the C-RNTI of the UE is received.

For certain types of positioning, a UE is expected to transmit an UL-PRSupon reception of a DL-PRS, or is expected to receive a DL-PRS upontransmission of an UL-PRS. For example, in a network-initiated RTTpositioning procedure, upon reception of an RTT measurement signal(e.g., a DL-PRS), the UE is expected to respond with an RTT responsesignal (e.g., an UL-PRS). Similarly, in a UE-initiated RTT positioningprocedure, upon transmission of an RTT measurement signal (e.g., anUL-PRS), the UE is expected to measure an RTT response signal (e.g., aDL-PRS).

FIGS. 6A to 6C illustrate various relative timings of DL-PRS and DRX ONtimes that may occur depending upon scheduled DL-PRS and scheduled DRXcycles. As shown in FIG. 6A, in a full-overlap relationship of DL-PRSand DRX ON time, a scheduled DL-PRS occasion 610 (including tworepetitions of two DL-PRS resources 612, 614, only the first repetitionsof which are labeled for clarity) occurs completely within a scheduledDRX ON time window 620. Thus, the DL-PRS occasion 610 fully overlapswith the DRX ON time window 620. The DRX ON time may refer to the DRX ONduration (configured by the DRX ON Duration Timer) or DRX active time(as discussed above, with an active time range being more dynamic, e.g.,not determined at the beginning of a DL-PRS occasion 610). A DRX cycletime is shown as the time from a beginning of the DRX ON time window 620to a beginning of a next DRX ON time window 630.

As shown in FIG. 6B, in a partial-overlap relationship of DL-PRS and DRXON time, a scheduled DL-PRS occasion 610 partially overlaps with a DRXON time window 620. One portion of the DL-PRS occasion 610 overlaps witha portion of the DRX ON time window 620 and another portion of theDL-PRS occasion 610 overlaps with a portion of a DRX OFF time window640. As shown in FIG. 6C, a zero-overlap relationship of DL-PRS and DRXON time, a scheduled DL-PRS occasion 610 does not overlap at all with aDRX ON time window 620, and instead fully overlaps with a DRX OFF timewindow 640.

The examples illustrated in FIGS. 6A to 6B are equally applicable toUL-PRS. That is, the DL-PRS occasions 610 can simply be replaced byUL-PRS occasions.

In the examples of FIGS. 6A to 6B, the DL-PRS occasions 610 maycorrespond to an RTT measurement signal, in which case, the UE isexpected to transmit an UL-PRS upon reception of the DL-PRS occasion610. This is illustrated by UL-PRS resource 616. When the UE isconfigured for DRX, if reception of a DL-PRS occasion 610 ortransmission of an UL-PRS resource 616 falls within a DRX active time,then the UE is expected to behave as in the following table. TheUL/DL-PRS transmission/reception configuration defined in Table 1applies independently for periodic (P), semi-persistent (SP), andaperiodic (A) PRS.

TABLE 1 Overlap Condition Measurement Behavior PRS occasion is fullywithin 1. Transmit/receive entire UL/DL-PRS DRX ON time occasion PRSoccasion partially overlaps 1. Transmit/receive entire UL/DL-PRS withDRX ON time occasion 2. Transmit/receive a subset of UL/DL- PRSresources 3. Skip this UL/DL-PRS occasion PRS occasion is fullywithin 1. Transmit/receive entire UL/DL-PRS DRX OFF time occasion 2.Skip this UL/DL-PRS occasion

For the second option (in the second row of Table 1), the UE can selecta subset of PRS resources (e.g., DL-PRS resources 612, 614) within oneDL-PRS occasion (e.g., DL-PRS occasion 610) based on the resource setand/or frequency layer and/or number of TRPs and PRS repetition factors,spatial-multiplexing, etc. For example, given a set of UL/DL-PRSresources denoted “AABBCC,” the UE may transmit/receive the UL/DL-PRSresources denoted “AABBC.” As another example, given a set of UL/DL-PRSresources denoted “ABCABC,” the UE may transmit/receive at least one setof the UL/DL-PRS resources denoted “ABC.”

Alternatively, the UE can select the subset of DL-PRS resources withinone DL-PRS occasion that fall within the DRX ON duration and/or DRXactive time. Note that as described above, the active time range is moredynamic and may not be determined at the beginning of an DL-PRSoccasion.

As noted above, the UL/DL-PRS transmission/reception rules defined inTable 1 are independent of each other. That means, the same rules applyto DL-PRS and UL-PRS, regardless of whether they are the DL-PRS andUL-PRS of the same positioning session (e.g., RTT). This may result ininconsistencies regarding what should be transmitted and/or measured.For example, in an RTT procedure, the DL-PRS should be received from,and the UL-PRS transmitted to, the same base station (more specificallythe same TRP) to enable the determination of the Rx-Tx time differencemeasurement. By applying the pruning rules defined in Table 1, however,this constraint is not considered, and may result in an incomplete Rx-Txtime difference measurement. For example, a UE may measure DL-PRS, butbecause the corresponding UL-PRS would be transmitted during DRX OFFtime (as in FIGS. 6A and 6B), the UL-PRS may be dropped. Similarly, a UEmay transmit an UL-PRS, but because the corresponding DL-PRS isscheduled at least partially during DRX OFF time, the DL-PRS may not bereceived.

The present disclosure provides techniques to select a subset ofUL/DL-PRS to transmit/receive considering the constraint between DL-PRSand UL-PRS with respect to the interaction of the DRX cycle. Theconstraint may be defined by the positioning method (e.g., RTT) and/orthe spatial relationship.

Referring to the positioning method constraint, a downlink and uplinkPRS pair can be bundled together as one downlink and uplink PRS for aRx-Tx time difference measurement that should be provided within oneRx-Tx time difference measurement report (also referred to as a PRSreport). FIGS. 7A to 7C illustrate various relative timings of pairs ofDL-PRS and UL-PRS with respect to DRX ON times, according to aspects ofthe disclosure. As shown in FIG. 7A, a scheduled DL-PRS occasion 710(including two repetitions of two DL-PRS resources 712, 714, only thefirst repetitions of which are labeled for clarity) occurs entirelywithin a scheduled DRX ON time window 720. A DRX cycle time is shown asthe time from a beginning of the DRX ON time window 720 to a beginningof a next DRX ON time window 730. An UL-PRS occasion 740 (including tworepetitions of two UL-PRS resources 742, 744, only the secondrepetitions of which are labeled for clarity) is scheduled between theDRX ON time windows 720 and 730. In the example of FIG. 7A, the UL-PRSoccasion 740 is entirely within DRX OFF time, but as will beappreciated, this need not be the case, and the UL-PRS occasion 740 maypartially overlap or be entirely within the next DRX ON time window 730.The DL-PRS occasion 710 and the UL-PRS occasion 740 may be bundled as apair of PRS due, for example, to being associated with the same TRP(e.g., the same TRP may transmit the DL-PRS occasion 710 and scheduleuplink resources for the UL-PRS occasion 740) and sufficiently close toeach other in time.

As shown in FIG. 7B, the scheduled DL-PRS occasion 710 does not overlapat all with the DRX ON time window 720, and instead, is entirely withinDRX OFF time. The UL-PRS occasion 740 is scheduled after the DL-PRSoccasion 710 and, in the example of FIG. 7B, is entirely within DRX OFFtime. However, as will be appreciated, this need not be the case, andthe UL-PRS occasion 740 may partially overlap or be entirely within thenext DRX ON time window (not shown in FIG. 7B). The DL-PRS occasion 710and the UL-PRS occasion 740 may be bundled as a pair of PRS due, forexample, to being associated with the same TRP and sufficiently close toeach other in time.

As shown in FIG. 7C, the scheduled DL-PRS occasion 710 partiallyoverlaps with a DRX ON time window 720. The UL-PRS occasion 740 isscheduled after the DRX ON time window 720 and is entirely within DRXOFF time. However, as will be appreciated, this need not be the case,and the UL-PRS occasion 740 may partially overlap or be entirely withinthe next DRX ON time window (not shown in FIG. 7C). The DL-PRS occasion710 and the UL-PRS occasion 740 may be bundled as a pair of PRS due, forexample, to being associated with the same TRP and sufficiently close toeach other in time.

As will be appreciated, the scenarios illustrated in FIGS. 7A to 7C maybe reversed, and the UL-PRS occasion 740 may be scheduled before theDL-PRS occasion 710.

Once downlink and uplink PRS have been paired, the general procedure isfor the UE to select one type of PRS (downlink or uplink) as the PRS toapply the pruning rule(s) to (referred to as “PRS1”) and then apply thepruning rule(s) based on the selected PRS' relation to DRX ON time. TheUE then prunes the non-selected type of PRS (referred to as “PRS2”)based on the bundling condition(s).

For example, a UE may select DL-PRS as PRS1, and a DL-PRS occasion maybe within, partially within, or outside of DRX ON time. The UE thendetermines which DL-PRS (PRS1) resources of the DL-PRS occasion itshould measure based on PRS pruning rules, such as shown in Table 1. Forthe corresponding UL-PRS (PRS2) in the bundled PRS pair, the UE shouldtransmit the UL-PRS (PRS2) regardless of the overlapping condition forthe UL-PRS.

The same applies to UL-PRS. For example, a UE may select an UL-PRS asPRS1, and the UL-PRS occasion may be within, partially within, oroutside of DRX ON time. The UE then determines which UL-PRS (PRS1)resources of the UL-PRS occasion it should transmit based on PRS pruningrules, such as shown in Table 1. For the corresponding DL-PRS (PRS2) inthe bundled PRS pair, the UE should measure the DL-PRS (PRS2) regardlessof the overlapping condition for the DL-PRS.

The selection of which type of PRS (uplink or downlink) should beselected as PRS1 can be based on different factors. A first factor isthe DRX overlap condition. For example, priorities may be assigned tothe DRX overlap condition such that fully within DRX ON time is giventhe highest priority, partially within DRX ON time is given the nexthighest priority, and entirely outside of DRX ON time is given thelowest priority. In that case, if, for example, one type of PRS (e.g.,DL-PRS) is entirely within DRX ON time and the other type of PRS (e.g.,UL-PRS) is not, then the first type of PRS will be selected as PRS1 andthe second type of PRS will be selected as PRS2. Alternatively, thepriority order could be reversed. In that case, if, for example, onetype of PRS (e.g., DL-PRS) is entirely outside of DRX ON time and theother type of PRS (e.g., UL-PRS) is not, then the first type of PRS willbe selected as PRS1 and the second type of PRS will be selected as PRS2.

A second factor is the timing order of the PRS. In this case, the firstoccurring (or first scheduled) PRS may be selected as PRS1 and thesecond occurring (or second scheduled) PRS may be selected as PRS2. Forexample, if, as in the examples of FIGS. 6A to 6B, DL-PRS are scheduledfirst, then the DL-PRS is selected as PRS1. Alternatively, this ordercould be reversed, and the later occurring PRS may be selected as PRS1and the first occurring PRS may be selected as PRS2.

A third factor is the PRS periodicity. In this case, aperiodic PRS(e.g., on-demand PRS) may have a higher priority than semi-persistentPRS, which may have a higher priority than periodic PRS. For example, ifthe UL-PRS in a pair of PRS is aperiodic and the DL-PRS is periodic,then the UL-PRS would be selected as PRS1 and the DL-PRS would beselected as PRS2. Alternatively, this order could be reversed, andperiodic PRS may have a higher priority than semi-persistent PRS, whichmay have a higher priority than aperiodic PRS.

In some cases, there may be other considerations to apply. For example,the UE may cancel an UL-PRS transmission if the corresponding DL-PRS ismeasured ahead of the uplink transmission and the link quality is belowsome threshold (e.g., an RSRP, SINR, etc. threshold).

Another approach for the positioning method constraint is to apply thepruning rule (e.g., as defined in Table 1) for DL-PRS and UL-PRSindependently with respect to their overlap conditions with DRX (as iscurrently done) and obtain two set of PRS. That is, the UE would prunethe scheduled set of DL-PRS occasions according to their DRX overlapconditions and, likewise, prune the scheduled set of UL-PRS occasionsaccording to their DRX overlap conditions. Once these two sets have beenselected, the UE can determine the union or intersection of the two setsgiven the bundling conditions. That is, the UE can determine whichDL-PRS can be paired with which UL-PRS based on their bundlingconditions, such as whether they are associated with the same TRP,whether they are sufficiently close in time, whether they have a QCLrelationship, and the like.

Referring to the spatial relationship (i.e., QCL relationship)constraint, currently, an UL-PRS can be quasi-co-located with (i.e.,spatially related to) a DL-PRS, but the reverse is not supported. Morespecifically, different types of reference signals can provide a spatialrelationship for other types of reference signals. Currently, an SS/PBCHcan be a QCL source for a DL-PRS, CSI-RS, SRS, or UL-PRS. A CSI-RS canbe a QCL source for an SRS or UL-PRS. A DL-PRS can be a QCL source foranother DL-PRS or an UL-PRS. An SRS can be a QCL source for another SRSor an UL-PRS. An UL-PRS can be a QCL source for another UL-PRS. Thepresent disclosure extends the current QCL relationships to include thecase where an UL-PRS can be a QCL source for a DL-PRS and considers theQCL relationship as a constraint during an RTT procedure.

The QCL relationship between an UL-PRS and DL-PRS is an implicitbundling condition between the UL-PRS and the DL-PRS. Specifically, iftwo PRS resources are quasi-co-located (the constraint) and the secondPRS resource (in time) uses the beam searching/refinement of the firstPRS resource, then the second PRS resource should not be received ortransmitted if the first PRS resource is not transmitted or received.For example, if a DL-PRS is quasi-co-located with an UL-PRS (meaning theUL-PRS is the QCL source for the DL-PRS), the UL-PRS will be transmittedfirst and the receiving TRP will use properties of the UL-PRS (e.g., thedirection of the receive beam used to receive the UL-PRS) to transmitthe corresponding DL-PRS. Since the UL-PRS is scheduled to betransmitted first and the DL-PRS uses the beam searching/refinement ofthe UL-PRS, then the UE should not measure the DL-PRS if it does nottransmit the UL-PRS.

The order of downlink and uplink (i.e., whether DL-PRS are receivedfirst or UL-PRS are transmitted first) may be important for QCLpurposes. In the case of DL-PRS being scheduled first, an UL-PRSresource may be quasi-co-located with a DL-PRS resource and anyrepetitions of the DL-PRS resource, as shown in FIG. 8A. Specifically,FIG. 8A illustrates an example scenario in which a DL-PRS resource 810is scheduled before an UL-PRS resource 820. In the example of FIG. 8A,the DL-PRS resource 810 (labeled “DL-PRS Resource 1”) is comprised of aplurality of repetitions 812. The UL-PRS resource 820 (labeled “UL-PRSResource 1”) may be quasi-co-located (“QCL′d”) with the DL-PRS resource810. The UE may perform a downlink receive (“Rx”) beam sweep todetermine, among other things, the direction of the best beam on whichto receive the DL-PRS resource 810. The uplink transmit beam woulddepend on the results of the downlink receive beam sweep (e.g., thedirection) and any refinement at the UE. The UE could then transmit theUL-PRS resource 820 in the determined direction.

In the case of the UL-PRS being scheduled first, a DL-PRS resource maybe quasi-co-located with an UL-PRS resource and any repetitions of theUL-PRS resource, as shown in FIG. 8B. Specifically, FIG. 8B illustratesan example scenario in which an UL-PRS resource 830 is scheduled beforea DL-PRS resource 840. In the example of FIG. 8B, the UL-PRS resource830 (labeled “UL-PRS Resource 1”) is comprised of a plurality ofrepetitions 832. The DL-PRS resource 840 (labeled “DL-PRS Resource 1”)may be quasi-co-located (“QCL′d”) with the UL-PRS resource 830. The TRPmay perform an uplink receive (“Rx”) beam sweep to determine, amongother things, the direction of the best beam on which to receive theUL-PRS resource 830. The downlink transmit beam would depend on theresults of the uplink receive beam sweep (e.g., the direction) andrefinement at the TRP.

Note that in FIGS. 6A to 8B, the repetitions of the DL-PRS resources(e.g., repetitions of DL-PRS resources 612, 614, 712, 714, 812) and theUL-PRS resources (e.g., repetitions of UL-PRS resources 742, 744) may betransmitted on different transmit beams.

Considering again the case of an overlap condition with a DRX cycle, thepruning rule could be defined as follows. If one of the PRS resources inthe bundled pair is selected to be measured (or transmitted), then theother PRS in the bundled pair should be transmitted (or received).Another option is only if all of the PRS are selected, then transmit andmeasure the UL/DL-PRS in the bundled pair.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example method 900 of wireless communication,according to aspects of the disclosure. In an aspect, the method 900 maybe performed by a UE configured to operate in DRX mode (e.g., any of theUEs described herein).

At 910, the UE receives a configuration of a plurality of first PRSresources (e.g., downlink or uplink PRS resources). In an aspect,operation 910 may be performed by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310,the one or more processors 332, memory 340, and/or the positioningcomponent 342.

At 920, the UE receives a configuration of a plurality of second PRSresources (e.g., uplink or downlink PRS resources). In an aspect,operation 920 may be performed by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310,the one or more processors 332, memory 340, and/or the positioningcomponent 342.

At 930, the UE selects one or more pairs of a first PRS resource of theplurality of first PRS resources and a second PRS resource of theplurality of second PRS resources, each pair of the one or more pairssatisfying one or more DRX pruning rules and one or more bundlingconditions. In an aspect, operation 930 may be performed by the one ormore WWAN transceivers 310, the one or more processors 332, memory 340,and/or the positioning component 342.

At 940, the UE receives or transmits the first PRS resource andtransmits or receives the second PRS resource during one or more DRXcycles of the DRX mode. In an aspect, operation 940 may be performed bythe one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the one or more processors 332,memory 340, and/or the positioning component 342.

As will be appreciated, a technical advantage of the method 900 isimproved positioning performance due to the bundling of uplink anddownlink PRS resources when operating in DRX mode.

In the detailed description above it can be seen that different featuresare grouped together in examples. This manner of disclosure should notbe understood as an intention that the example clauses have morefeatures than are explicitly mentioned in each clause. Rather, thevarious aspects of the disclosure may include fewer than all features ofan individual example clause disclosed. Therefore, the following clausesshould hereby be deemed to be incorporated in the description, whereineach clause by itself can stand as a separate example. Although eachdependent clause can refer in the clauses to a specific combination withone of the other clauses, the aspect(s) of that dependent clause are notlimited to the specific combination. It will be appreciated that otherexample clauses can also include a combination of the dependent clauseaspect(s) with the subject matter of any other dependent clause orindependent clause or a combination of any feature with other dependentand independent clauses. The various aspects disclosed herein expresslyinclude these combinations, unless it is explicitly expressed or can bereadily inferred that a specific combination is not intended (e.g.,contradictory aspects, such as defining an element as both an insulatorand a conductor). Furthermore, it is also intended that aspects of aclause can be included in any other independent clause, even if theclause is not directly dependent on the independent clause.

Implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:

Clause 1. A method of wireless communication performed by a userequipment (UE) configured to operate in discontinuous reception (DRX)mode, comprising: receiving a configuration of a plurality of firstpositioning reference signal (PRS) resources; receiving a configurationof a plurality of second PRS resources; selecting one or more pairs of afirst PRS resource of the plurality of first PRS resources and a secondPRS resource of the plurality of second PRS resources, each pair of theone or more pairs satisfying one or more DRX pruning rules and one ormore bundling conditions; and receiving or transmitting the first PRSresource and transmitting or receiving the second PRS resource duringone or more DRX cycles of the DRX mode.

Clause 2. The method of clause 1, wherein the selecting comprises:selecting the first PRS resource of each pair of the one or more pairsbased on the one or more DRX pruning rules and one or more priorityrules; and selecting the second PRS resource of each pair of the one ormore pairs based on the one or more bundling conditions.

Clause 3. The method of clause 2, wherein the one or more priority rulescomprise: based on the first PRS resource being scheduled entirelywithin DRX ON time and the second PRS resource being scheduled at leastpartially outside DRX ON time, select the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources, based on the first PRS resource beingscheduled partially within DRX ON time and partially outside of DRX ONtime and the second PRS resource being scheduled entirely outside of DRXON time, select the first PRS resource from the plurality of first PRSresources, or any combination thereof.

Clause 4. The method of any of clauses 2 to 3, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: based on the first PRS resource being scheduledentirely outside of DRX ON time and the second PRS resource beingscheduled at least partially within DRX ON time, select the first PRSresource from the plurality of first PRS resources, based on the firstPRS resource being scheduled partially within DRX ON time and partiallyoutside of DRX ON time and the second PRS resource being scheduledentirely within DRX ON time, select the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources, or any combination thereof.

Clause 5. The method of any of clauses 2 to 4, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: based on the first PRS resource being scheduledbefore the second PRS resource, select the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources, or based on the first PRS resourcebeing scheduled after the second PRS resource, select the first PRSresource from the plurality of first PRS resources.

Clause 6. The method of any of clauses 2 to 5, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: based on the first PRS resource being aperiodicand the second PRS resource being semi-persistent or periodic, selectthe first PRS resource from the plurality of first PRS resources, basedon the first PRS resource being semi-persistent and the second PRSresource being periodic, select the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources, or any combination thereof.

Clause 7. The method of any of clauses 2 to 6, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: based on the first PRS resource being periodicand the second PRS resource being semi-persistent or aperiodic, selectthe first PRS resource from the plurality of first PRS resources, basedon the first PRS resource being semi-persistent and the second PRSresource being aperiodic, select the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources, or or any combination thereof.

Clause 8. The method of any of clauses 2 to 7, wherein: the first PRSresource is part of a PRS occasion, and the one or more DRX pruningrules comprise one or more of: based on the PRS occasion being entirelywithin DRX ON time, selecting all PRS resource of the PRS occasion,including the first PRS resource, based on the PRS occasion beingpartially within DRX ON time and partially within DRX OFF time,selecting all PRS resource of the PRS occasion, including the first PRSresource, based on the PRS occasion being partially within DRX ON timeand partially within DRX OFF time and the first PRS resource beingwithin DRX ON time, selecting at least the first PRS resource of the PRSoccasion, based on the PRS occasion being entirely outside of DRX ONtime, selecting all PRS resource of the PRS occasion, including thefirst PRS resource.

Clause 9. The method of any of clauses 1 to 8, wherein the transmittingcomprises: transmitting or receiving the second PRS resource regardlessof the second PRS resource overlapping a DRX OFF time.

Clause 10. The method of any of clauses 1 to 9, further comprising:determining a set of the plurality of first PRS resources satisfying theone or more DRX pruning rules; determining a set of the plurality ofsecond PRS resources satisfying the one or more DRX pruning rules; anddetermining an intersection set or union set of the set of the pluralityof first PRS resources and the set of the plurality of second PRSresources, wherein the one or more pairs are selected from theintersection set or the union set based on the one or more bundlingconditions.

Clause 11. The method of any of clauses 1 to 10, wherein the one or morebundling conditions comprise: the first PRS resource and the second PRSresource being associated with the same transmission-reception point(TRP), the first PRS resource and the second PRS resource beingscheduled within a threshold period of time of each other, aquasi-co-location (QCL) relationship between the first PRS resource andthe second PRS resource, or any combination thereof.

Clause 12. The method of clause 11, wherein the QCL relationshipindicates that the second PRS resource is to be transmitted or receivedonly if the first PRS resource is received or transmitted.

Clause 13. The method of any of clauses 11 to 12, wherein: the first PRSresource comprises a downlink PRS (DL-PRS) resource, the second PRSresource comprises an uplink PRS (UL-PRS) resource, the DL-PRS resourceis configured with repetitions, and an uplink transmit beam on which theUL-PRS resource is transmitted is based on a result of a downlinkreceive beam sweep of the repetitions of the DL-PRS resource.

Clause 14. The method of any of clauses 11 to 12, wherein: the first PRSresource comprises an UL-PRS resource, the second PRS resource comprisesa DL-PRS resource, the UL-PRS resource is configured with repetitions,and a downlink transmit beam on which the DL-PRS resource is transmittedis based on a result of an uplink receive beam sweep of the repetitionsof the UL-PRS resource.

Clause 15. The method of any of clauses 11 to 14, wherein the selectingcomprises: selecting the first PRS resource of each pair of the one ormore pairs based on the one or more DRX pruning rules; and selecting thesecond PRS resource of each pair of the one or more pairs based on theQCL relationship between the first PRS resource and the second PRSresource.

Clause 16. The method of any of clauses 1 to 12, 14, and 15, wherein:the first PRS resource comprises an UL-PRS resource, the second PRSresource comprises a DL-PRS resource, the receiving or transmitting thefirst PRS resource comprises transmitting the UL-PRS resource, andtransmitting or receiving the second PRS resource comprises receivingthe DL-PRS resource.

Clause 17. The method of clause 16, wherein: the configuration of theplurality of first PRS resources is received from a serving basestation, and the configuration of the plurality of second PRS resourcesis received from a location server.

Clause 18. The method of any of clauses 1 to 13 and 15 to 17, wherein:the first PRS resource comprises a DL-PRS resource, the second PRSresource comprises an UL-PRS resource, the receiving or transmitting thefirst PRS resource comprises receiving the DL-PRS resource, andtransmitting or receiving the second PRS resource comprises transmittingthe UL-PRS resource.

Clause 19. The method of clause 18, wherein: the configuration of theplurality of first PRS resources is received from a location server, andthe configuration of the plurality of second PRS resources is receivedfrom a serving base station.

Clause 20. The method of any of clauses 18 to 19, further comprising:reporting, to a positioning entity, a time difference between receptionof the DL-PRS resource and transmission of the UL-PRS resource.

Clause 21. An apparatus comprising a memory, at least one transceiver,and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and theat least one transceiver, the memory, the at least one transceiver, andthe at least one processor configured to perform a method according toany of clauses 1 to 20.

Clause 22. An apparatus comprising means for performing a methodaccording to any of clauses 1 to 20.

Clause 23. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storingcomputer-executable instructions, the computer-executable comprising atleast one instruction for causing a computer or processor to perform amethod according to any of clauses 1 to 20.

Additional implementation examples are described in the followingnumbered clauses:

Clause 1. A method of wireless communication performed by a userequipment (UE) configured to operate in discontinuous reception (DRX)mode, comprising: receiving a configuration of a plurality of firstpositioning reference signal (PRS) resources; receiving a configurationof a plurality of second PRS resources; selecting one or more pairs of afirst PRS resource of the plurality of first PRS resources and a secondPRS resource of the plurality of second PRS resources, each pair of theone or more pairs satisfying one or more DRX pruning rules and one ormore bundling conditions; and receiving or transmitting the first PRSresource and transmitting or receiving the second PRS resource duringone or more DRX cycles of the DRX mode.

Clause 2. The method of clause 1, wherein selecting the one or morepairs comprises: selecting the first PRS resource of each pair of theone or more pairs based on the one or more DRX pruning rules and one ormore priority rules; and selecting the second PRS resource of each pairof the one or more pairs based on the one or more bundling conditions.

Clause 3. The method of clause 2, wherein the one or more priority rulescomprise: selecting the first PRS resource from the plurality of firstPRS resources based on the first PRS resource being scheduled entirelywithin DRX ON time and the second PRS resource being scheduled at leastpartially outside DRX ON time.

Clause 4. The method of any of clauses 2 to 3, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: selecting the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources based on the first PRS resource beingscheduled partially within DRX ON time and partially outside of DRX ONtime and the second PRS resource being scheduled entirely outside of DRXON time.

Clause 5. The method of any of clauses 2 to 4, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: selecting the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources based on the first PRS resource beingscheduled entirely outside of DRX ON time and the second PRS resourcebeing scheduled at least partially within DRX ON time.

Clause 6. The method of any of clauses 2 to 5, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: selecting the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources based on the first PRS resource beingscheduled partially within DRX ON time and partially outside of DRX ONtime and the second PRS resource being scheduled entirely within DRX ONtime.

Clause 7. The method of any of clauses 2 to 6, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: selecting the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources based on the first PRS resource beingscheduled before the second PRS resource.

Clause 8. The method of any of clauses 2 to 7, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: selecting the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources based on the first PRS resource beingscheduled after the second PRS resource.

Clause 9. The method of any of clauses 2 to 8, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: selecting the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources based on the first PRS resource beingaperiodic and the second PRS resource being semi-persistent or periodic.

Clause 10. The method of any of clauses 2 to 9, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: selecting the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources based on the first PRS resource beingsemi-persistent and the second PRS resource being periodic.

Clause 11. The method of any of clauses 2 to 10, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: selecting the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources based on the first PRS resource beingperiodic and the second PRS resource being semi-persistent or aperiodic.

Clause 12. The method of any of clauses 2 to 11, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: selecting the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources based on the first PRS resource beingsemi-persistent and the second PRS resource being aperiodic.

Clause 13. The method of any of clauses 2 to 12, wherein: the first PRSresource is part of a PRS occasion, and the one or more DRX pruningrules comprise: selecting all PRS resource of the PRS occasion,including the first PRS resource, based on the PRS occasion beingentirely within DRX ON time, selecting all PRS resource of the PRSoccasion, including the first PRS resource, based on the PRS occasionbeing partially within DRX ON time and partially within DRX OFF time,selecting at least the first PRS resource of the PRS occasion based onthe PRS occasion being partially within DRX ON time and partially withinDRX OFF time and the first PRS resource being within DRX ON time,selecting all PRS resource of the PRS occasion, including the first PRSresource, based on the PRS occasion being entirely outside of DRX ONtime, or any combination thereof.

Clause 14. The method of any of clauses 1 to 13, wherein transmitting orreceiving the second PRS resource comprises: transmitting or receivingthe second PRS resource regardless of the second PRS resourceoverlapping a DRX OFF time.

Clause 15. The method of any of clauses 1 to 14, further comprising:determining a set of the plurality of first PRS resources satisfying theone or more DRX pruning rules; determining a set of the plurality ofsecond PRS resources satisfying the one or more DRX pruning rules; anddetermining an intersection set or union set of the set of the pluralityof first PRS resources and the set of the plurality of second PRSresources, wherein the one or more pairs are selected from theintersection set or the union set based on the one or more bundlingconditions.

Clause 16. The method of any of clauses 1 to 15, wherein the one or morebundling conditions comprise: the first PRS resource and the second PRSresource being associated with the same transmission-reception point(TRP), the first PRS resource and the second PRS resource beingscheduled within a threshold period of time of each other, aquasi-co-location (QCL) relationship between the first PRS resource andthe second PRS resource, or any combination thereof.

Clause 17. The method of clause 16, wherein the second PRS resource isto be transmitted or received only if the first PRS resource is receivedor transmitted.

Clause 18. The method of any of clauses 16 to 17, wherein: the first PRSresource comprises a downlink PRS (DL-PRS) resource, the second PRSresource comprises an uplink PRS (UL-PRS) resource, the DL-PRS resourceis configured to be transmitted as a plurality of repetitions on aplurality of transmit beams, and an uplink transmit beam on which theUL-PRS resource is transmitted is based on a result of a downlinkreceive beam sweep of the plurality of repetitions.

Clause 19. The method of any of clauses 16 to 17, wherein: the first PRSresource comprises an UL-PRS resource, the second PRS resource comprisesa DL-PRS resource, the UL-PRS resource is configured to be transmittedas a plurality of repetitions on a plurality of transmit beams, and adownlink transmit beam on which the DL-PRS resource is transmitted isbased on a result of an uplink receive beam sweep of the plurality ofrepetitions.

Clause 20. The method of any of clauses 16 to 19, wherein selecting theone or more pairs comprises: selecting the first PRS resource of eachpair of the one or more pairs based on the one or more DRX pruningrules; and selecting the second PRS resource of each pair of the one ormore pairs based on the QCL relationship between the first PRS resourceand the second PRS resource.

Clause 21. A user equipment (UE), comprising: a memory; at least onetransceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to thememory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processorconfigured to: receive, via the at least one transceiver, aconfiguration of a plurality of first positioning reference signal (PRS)resources; receive, via the at least one transceiver, a configuration ofa plurality of second PRS resources; select one or more pairs of a firstPRS resource of the plurality of first PRS resources and a second PRSresource of the plurality of second PRS resources, each pair of the oneor more pairs satisfying one or more DRX pruning rules and one or morebundling conditions; and receive or transmit, via the at least onetransceiver, the first PRS resource and transmit or receive, via the atleast one transceiver, the second PRS resource during one or more DRXcycles of the DRX mode.

Clause 22. The UE of clause 21, wherein the at least one processorconfigured to select the one or more pairs comprises the at least oneprocessor configured to: select the first PRS resource of each pair ofthe one or more pairs based on the one or more DRX pruning rules and oneor more priority rules; and select the second PRS resource of each pairof the one or more pairs based on the one or more bundling conditions.

Clause 23. The UE of clause 22, wherein the one or more priority rulescomprise: select the first PRS resource from the plurality of first PRSresources based on the first PRS resource being scheduled entirelywithin DRX ON time and the second PRS resource being scheduled at leastpartially outside DRX ON time.

Clause 24. The UE of any of clauses 22 to 23, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: select the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources based on the first PRS resource beingscheduled partially within DRX ON time and partially outside of DRX ONtime and the second PRS resource being scheduled entirely outside of DRXON time.

Clause 25. The UE of any of clauses 22 to 24, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: select the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources based on the first PRS resource beingscheduled entirely outside of DRX ON time and the second PRS resourcebeing scheduled at least partially within DRX ON time.

Clause 26. The UE of any of clauses 22 to 25, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: select the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources based on the first PRS resource beingscheduled partially within DRX ON time and partially outside of DRX ONtime and the second PRS resource being scheduled entirely within DRX ONtime.

Clause 27. The UE of any of clauses 22 to 26, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: select the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources based on the first PRS resource beingscheduled before the second PRS resource.

Clause 28. The UE of any of clauses 22 to 27, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: select the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources based on the first PRS resource beingscheduled after the second PRS resource.

Clause 29. The UE of any of clauses 22 to 28, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: select the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources based on the first PRS resource beingaperiodic and the second PRS resource being semi-persistent or periodic.

Clause 30. The UE of any of clauses 22 to 29, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: select the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources based on the first PRS resource beingsemi-persistent and the second PRS resource being periodic.

Clause 31. The UE of any of clauses 22 to 30, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: select the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources based on the first PRS resource beingperiodic and the second PRS resource being semi-persistent or aperiodic.

Clause 32. The UE of any of clauses 22 to 31, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: select the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources based on the first PRS resource beingsemi-persistent and the second PRS resource being aperiodic.

Clause 33. The UE of any of clauses 22 to 32, wherein: the first PRSresource is part of a PRS occasion, and the one or more DRX pruningrules comprise: select all PRS resource of the PRS occasion, includingthe first PRS resource, based on the PRS occasion being entirely withinDRX ON time, select all PRS resource of the PRS occasion, including thefirst PRS resource, based on the PRS occasion being partially within DRXON time and partially within DRX OFF time, select at least the first PRSresource of the PRS occasion based on the PRS occasion being partiallywithin DRX ON time and partially within DRX OFF time and the first PRSresource being within DRX ON time, select all PRS resource of the PRSoccasion, including the first PRS resource, based on the PRS occasionbeing entirely outside of DRX ON time, or any combination thereof.

Clause 34. The UE of any of clauses 21 to 33, wherein the at least oneprocessor configured to transmit or receive the second PRS resourcecomprises the at least one processor configured to: transmit or receive,via the at least one transceiver, the second PRS resource regardless ofthe second PRS resource overlapping a DRX OFF time.

Clause 35. The UE of any of clauses 21 to 34, wherein the at least oneprocessor is further configured to: determine a set of the plurality offirst PRS resources satisfying the one or more DRX pruning rules;determine a set of the plurality of second PRS resources satisfying theone or more DRX pruning rules; and determine an intersection set orunion set of the set of the plurality of first PRS resources and the setof the plurality of second PRS resources, wherein the one or more pairsare selected from the intersection set or the union set based on the oneor more bundling conditions.

Clause 36. The UE of any of clauses 21 to 35, wherein the one or morebundling conditions comprise: the first PRS resource and the second PRSresource being associated with the same transmission-reception point(TRP), the first PRS resource and the second PRS resource beingscheduled within a threshold period of time of each other, aquasi-co-location (QCL) relationship between the first PRS resource andthe second PRS resource, or any combination thereof.

Clause 37. The UE of clause 36, wherein the second PRS resource is to betransmitted or received only if the first PRS resource is received ortransmitted.

Clause 38. The UE of any of clauses 36 to 37, wherein: the first PRSresource comprises a downlink PRS (DL-PRS) resource, the second PRSresource comprises an uplink PRS (UL-PRS) resource, the DL-PRS resourceis configured to be transmitted as a plurality of repetitions on aplurality of transmit beams, and an uplink transmit beam on which theUL-PRS resource is transmitted is based on a result of a downlinkreceive beam sweep of the plurality of repetitions.

Clause 39. The UE of any of clauses 36 to 37, wherein: the first PRSresource comprises an UL-PRS resource, the second PRS resource comprisesa DL-PRS resource, the UL-PRS resource is configured to be transmittedas a plurality of repetitions on a plurality of transmit beams, and adownlink transmit beam on which the DL-PRS resource is transmitted isbased on a result of an uplink receive beam sweep of the plurality ofrepetitions.

Clause 40. The UE of any of clauses 36 to 39, wherein the at least oneprocessor configured to select the one or more pairs comprises the atleast one processor configured to: select the first PRS resource of eachpair of the one or more pairs based on the one or more DRX pruningrules; and select the second PRS resource of each pair of the one ormore pairs based on the QCL relationship between the first PRS resourceand the second PRS resource.

Clause 41. A user equipment (UE), comprising: means for receiving aconfiguration of a plurality of first positioning reference signal (PRS)resources; means for receiving a configuration of a plurality of secondPRS resources; means for selecting one or more pairs of a first PRSresource of the plurality of first PRS resources and a second PRSresource of the plurality of second PRS resources, each pair of the oneor more pairs satisfying one or more DRX pruning rules and one or morebundling conditions; and means for receiving or transmitting the firstPRS resource and means for transmitting or receiving the second PRSresource during one or more DRX cycles of the DRX mode.

Clause 42. The UE of clause 41, wherein the means for selecting the oneor more pairs comprises: means for selecting the first PRS resource ofeach pair of the one or more pairs based on the one or more DRX pruningrules and one or more priority rules; and means for selecting the secondPRS resource of each pair of the one or more pairs based on the one ormore bundling conditions.

Clause 43. The UE of clause 42, wherein the one or more priority rulescomprise: selecting the first PRS resource from the plurality of firstPRS resources based on the first PRS resource being scheduled entirelywithin DRX ON time and the second PRS resource being scheduled at leastpartially outside DRX ON time.

Clause 44. The UE of any of clauses 42 to 43, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: selecting the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources based on the first PRS resource beingscheduled partially within DRX ON time and partially outside of DRX ONtime and the second PRS resource being scheduled entirely outside of DRXON time.

Clause 45. The UE of any of clauses 42 to 44, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: selecting the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources based on the first PRS resource beingscheduled entirely outside of DRX ON time and the second PRS resourcebeing scheduled at least partially within DRX ON time.

Clause 46. The UE of any of clauses 42 to 45, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: selecting the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources based on the first PRS resource beingscheduled partially within DRX ON time and partially outside of DRX ONtime and the second PRS resource being scheduled entirely within DRX ONtime.

Clause 47. The UE of any of clauses 42 to 46, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: selecting the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources based on the first PRS resource beingscheduled before the second PRS resource.

Clause 48. The UE of any of clauses 42 to 47, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: selecting the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources based on the first PRS resource beingscheduled after the second PRS resource.

Clause 49. The UE of any of clauses 42 to 48, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: selecting the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources based on the first PRS resource beingaperiodic and the second PRS resource being semi-persistent or periodic.

Clause 50. The UE of any of clauses 42 to 49, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: selecting the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources based on the first PRS resource beingsemi-persistent and the second PRS resource being periodic.

Clause 51. The UE of any of clauses 42 to 50, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: selecting the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources based on the first PRS resource beingperiodic and the second PRS resource being semi-persistent or aperiodic.

Clause 52. The UE of any of clauses 42 to 51, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: selecting the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources based on the first PRS resource beingsemi-persistent and the second PRS resource being aperiodic.

Clause 53. The UE of any of clauses 42 to 52, wherein: the first PRSresource is part of a PRS occasion, and the one or more DRX pruningrules comprise: selecting all PRS resource of the PRS occasion,including the first PRS resource, based on the PRS occasion beingentirely within DRX ON time, selecting all PRS resource of the PRSoccasion, including the first PRS resource, based on the PRS occasionbeing partially within DRX ON time and partially within DRX OFF time,selecting at least the first PRS resource of the PRS occasion based onthe PRS occasion being partially within DRX ON time and partially withinDRX OFF time and the first PRS resource being within DRX ON time,selecting all PRS resource of the PRS occasion, including the first PRSresource, based on the PRS occasion being entirely outside of DRX ONtime, or any combination thereof.

Clause 54. The UE of any of clauses 41 to 53, wherein the means fortransmitting or receiving the second PRS resource comprises: means fortransmitting or receiving the second PRS resource regardless of thesecond PRS resource overlapping a DRX OFF time.

Clause 55. The UE of any of clauses 41 to 54, further comprising: meansfor determining a set of the plurality of first PRS resources satisfyingthe one or more DRX pruning rules; means for determining a set of theplurality of second PRS resources satisfying the one or more DRX pruningrules; and means for determining an intersection set or union set of theset of the plurality of first PRS resources and the set of the pluralityof second PRS resources, wherein the one or more pairs are selected fromthe intersection set or the union set based on the one or more bundlingconditions.

Clause 56. The UE of any of clauses 41 to 55, wherein the one or morebundling conditions comprise: the first PRS resource and the second PRSresource being associated with the same transmission-reception point(TRP), the first PRS resource and the second PRS resource beingscheduled within a threshold period of time of each other, aquasi-co-location (QCL) relationship between the first PRS resource andthe second PRS resource, or any combination thereof.

Clause 57. The UE of clause 56, wherein the second PRS resource is to betransmitted or received only if the first PRS resource is received ortransmitted.

Clause 58. The UE of any of clauses 56 to 57, wherein: the first PRSresource comprises a downlink PRS (DL-PRS) resource, the second PRSresource comprises an uplink PRS (UL-PRS) resource, the DL-PRS resourceis configured to be transmitted as a plurality of repetitions on aplurality of transmit beams, and an uplink transmit beam on which theUL-PRS resource is transmitted is based on a result of a downlinkreceive beam sweep of the plurality of repetitions.

Clause 59. The UE of any of clauses 56 to 57, wherein: the first PRSresource comprises an UL-PRS resource, the second PRS resource comprisesa DL-PRS resource, the UL-PRS resource is configured to be transmittedas a plurality of repetitions on a plurality of transmit beams, and adownlink transmit beam on which the DL-PRS resource is transmitted isbased on a result of an uplink receive beam sweep of the plurality ofrepetitions.

Clause 60. The UE of any of clauses 56 to 59, wherein the means forselecting the one or more pairs comprises: means for selecting the firstPRS resource of each pair of the one or more pairs based on the one ormore DRX pruning rules; and means for selecting the second PRS resourceof each pair of the one or more pairs based on the QCL relationshipbetween the first PRS resource and the second PRS resource.

Clause 61. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storingcomputer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment(UE), cause the UE to: receive a configuration of a plurality of firstpositioning reference signal (PRS) resources; receive a configuration ofa plurality of second PRS resources; select one or more pairs of a firstPRS resource of the plurality of first PRS resources and a second PRSresource of the plurality of second PRS resources, each pair of the oneor more pairs satisfying one or more DRX pruning rules and one or morebundling conditions; and receive or transmit the first PRS resource andtransmit or receive the second PRS resource during one or more DRXcycles of the DRX mode.

Clause 62. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 61,wherein the computer-executable instructions that, when executed by theUE, cause the UE to select the one or more pairs comprisecomputer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, causethe UE to: select the first PRS resource of each pair of the one or morepairs based on the one or more DRX pruning rules and one or morepriority rules; and select the second PRS resource of each pair of theone or more pairs based on the one or more bundling conditions.

Clause 63. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 62,wherein the one or more priority rules comprise: select the first PRSresource from the plurality of first PRS resources based on the firstPRS resource being scheduled entirely within DRX ON time and the secondPRS resource being scheduled at least partially outside DRX ON time.

Clause 64. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses62 to 63, wherein the one or more priority rules comprise: select thefirst PRS resource from the plurality of first PRS resources based onthe first PRS resource being scheduled partially within DRX ON time andpartially outside of DRX ON time and the second PRS resource beingscheduled entirely outside of DRX ON time.

Clause 65. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses62 to 64, wherein the one or more priority rules comprise: select thefirst PRS resource from the plurality of first PRS resources based onthe first PRS resource being scheduled entirely outside of DRX ON timeand the second PRS resource being scheduled at least partially withinDRX ON time.

Clause 66. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses62 to 65, wherein the one or more priority rules comprise: select thefirst PRS resource from the plurality of first PRS resources based onthe first PRS resource being scheduled partially within DRX ON time andpartially outside of DRX ON time and the second PRS resource beingscheduled entirely within DRX ON time.

Clause 67. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses62 to 66, wherein the one or more priority rules comprise: select thefirst PRS resource from the plurality of first PRS resources based onthe first PRS resource being scheduled before the second PRS resource.

Clause 68. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses62 to 67, wherein the one or more priority rules comprise: select thefirst PRS resource from the plurality of first PRS resources based onthe first PRS resource being scheduled after the second PRS resource.

Clause 69. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses62 to 68, wherein the one or more priority rules comprise: select thefirst PRS resource from the plurality of first PRS resources based onthe first PRS resource being aperiodic and the second PRS resource beingsemi-persistent or periodic.

Clause 70. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses62 to 69, wherein the one or more priority rules comprise: select thefirst PRS resource from the plurality of first PRS resources based onthe first PRS resource being semi-persistent and the second PRS resourcebeing periodic.

Clause 71. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses62 to 70, wherein the one or more priority rules comprise: select thefirst PRS resource from the plurality of first PRS resources based onthe first PRS resource being periodic and the second PRS resource beingsemi-persistent or aperiodic.

Clause 72. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses62 to 71, wherein the one or more priority rules comprise: select thefirst PRS resource from the plurality of first PRS resources based onthe first PRS resource being semi-persistent and the second PRS resourcebeing aperiodic.

Clause 73. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses62 to 72, wherein: the first PRS resource is part of a PRS occasion, andthe one or more DRX pruning rules comprise: select all PRS resource ofthe PRS occasion, including the first PRS resource, based on the PRSoccasion being entirely within DRX ON time, select all PRS resource ofthe PRS occasion, including the first PRS resource, based on the PRSoccasion being partially within DRX ON time and partially within DRX OFFtime, select at least the first PRS resource of the PRS occasion basedon the PRS occasion being partially within DRX ON time and partiallywithin DRX OFF time and the first PRS resource being within DRX ON time,select all PRS resource of the PRS occasion, including the first PRSresource, based on the PRS occasion being entirely outside of DRX ONtime, or any combination thereof.

Clause 74. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses61 to 73, wherein the computer-executable instructions that, whenexecuted by the UE, cause the UE to transmit or receive the second PRSresource comprise computer-executable instructions that, when executedby the UE, cause the UE to: transmit or receive the second PRS resourceregardless of the second PRS resource overlapping a DRX OFF time.

Clause 75. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses61 to 74, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, whenexecuted by the UE, cause the UE to: determine a set of the plurality offirst PRS resources satisfying the one or more DRX pruning rules;determine a set of the plurality of second PRS resources satisfying theone or more DRX pruning rules; and determine an intersection set orunion set of the set of the plurality of first PRS resources and the setof the plurality of second PRS resources, wherein the one or more pairsare selected from the intersection set or the union set based on the oneor more bundling conditions.

Clause 76. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses61 to 75, wherein the one or more bundling conditions comprise: thefirst PRS resource and the second PRS resource being associated with thesame transmission-reception point (TRP), the first PRS resource and thesecond PRS resource being scheduled within a threshold period of time ofeach other, a quasi-co-location (QCL) relationship between the first PRSresource and the second PRS resource, or any combination thereof.

Clause 77. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 76,wherein the second PRS resource is to be transmitted or received only ifthe first PRS resource is received or transmitted.

Clause 78. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses76 to 77, wherein: the first PRS resource comprises a downlink PRS(DL-PRS) resource, the second PRS resource comprises an uplink PRS(UL-PRS) resource, the DL-PRS resource is configured to be transmittedas a plurality of repetitions on a plurality of transmit beams, and anuplink transmit beam on which the UL-PRS resource is transmitted isbased on a result of a downlink receive beam sweep of the plurality ofrepetitions.

Clause 79. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses76 to 77, wherein: the first PRS resource comprises an UL-PRS resource,the second PRS resource comprises a DL-PRS resource, the UL-PRS resourceis configured to be transmitted as a plurality of repetitions on aplurality of transmit beams, and a downlink transmit beam on which theDL-PRS resource is transmitted is based on a result of an uplink receivebeam sweep of the plurality of repetitions.

Clause 80. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses76 to 79, wherein the computer-executable instructions that, whenexecuted by the UE, cause the UE to select the one or more pairscomprise computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE,cause the UE to: select the first PRS resource of each pair of the oneor more pairs based on the one or more DRX pruning rules; and select thesecond PRS resource of each pair of the one or more pairs based on theQCL relationship between the first PRS resource and the second PRSresource.

Those of skill in the art will appreciate that information and signalsmay be represented using any of a variety of different technologies andtechniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information,signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout theabove description may be represented by voltages, currents,electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields orparticles, or any combination thereof.

Further, those of skill in the art will appreciate that the variousillustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm stepsdescribed in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may beimplemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinationsof both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware andsoftware, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits,and steps have been described above generally in terms of theirfunctionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware orsoftware depends upon the particular application and design constraintsimposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement thedescribed functionality in varying ways for each particular application,but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing adeparture from the scope of the present disclosure.

The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits describedin connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented orperformed with a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor(DSP), an ASIC, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or otherprogrammable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discretehardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform thefunctions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be amicroprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be anyconventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. Aprocessor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices,for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality ofmicroprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSPcore, or any other such configuration.

The methods, sequences and/or algorithms described in connection withthe aspects disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in asoftware module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two.A software module may reside in random access memory (RAM), flashmemory, read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM),electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), registers, hard disk, aremovable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known inthe art. An example storage medium is coupled to the processor such thatthe processor can read information from, and write information to, thestorage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integralto the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in anASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal (e.g., UE). In thealternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discretecomponents in a user terminal.

In one or more example aspects, the functions described may beimplemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof.If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on ortransmitted over as one or more instructions or code on acomputer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computerstorage media and communication media including any medium thatfacilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. Astorage media may be any available media that can be accessed by acomputer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readablemedia can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical diskstorage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or anyother medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code inthe form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed bya computer. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readablemedium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website,server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable,twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologiessuch as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiberoptic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such asinfrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium.Disk and disc, as used herein, includes compact disc (CD), laser disc,optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray discwhere disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproducedata optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also beincluded within the scope of computer-readable media.

While the foregoing disclosure shows illustrative aspects of thedisclosure, it should be noted that various changes and modificationscould be made herein without departing from the scope of the disclosureas defined by the appended claims. The functions, steps and/or actionsof the method claims in accordance with the aspects of the disclosuredescribed herein need not be performed in any particular order.Furthermore, although elements of the disclosure may be described orclaimed in the singular, the plural is contemplated unless limitation tothe singular is explicitly stated.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of wireless communication performed by auser equipment (UE) configured to operate in discontinuous reception(DRX) mode, comprising: receiving a configuration of a plurality offirst positioning reference signal (PRS) resources; receiving aconfiguration of a plurality of second PRS resources; selecting one ormore pairs of a first PRS resource of the plurality of first PRSresources and a second PRS resource of the plurality of second PRSresources, each pair of the one or more pairs satisfying one or more DRXpruning rules and one or more bundling conditions; and receiving ortransmitting the first PRS resource and transmitting or receiving thesecond PRS resource during one or more DRX cycles of the DRX mode. 2.The method of claim 1, wherein selecting the one or more pairscomprises: selecting the first PRS resource of each pair of the one ormore pairs based on the one or more DRX pruning rules and one or morepriority rules; and selecting the second PRS resource of each pair ofthe one or more pairs based on the one or more bundling conditions. 3.The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more priority rules comprise:selecting the first PRS resource from the plurality of first PRSresources based on the first PRS resource being scheduled entirelywithin DRX ON time and the second PRS resource being scheduled at leastpartially outside DRX ON time.
 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the oneor more priority rules comprise: selecting the first PRS resource fromthe plurality of first PRS resources based on the first PRS resourcebeing scheduled partially within DRX ON time and partially outside ofDRX ON time and the second PRS resource being scheduled entirely outsideof DRX ON time.
 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: selecting the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources based on the first PRS resource beingscheduled entirely outside of DRX ON time and the second PRS resourcebeing scheduled at least partially within DRX ON time.
 6. The method ofclaim 2, wherein the one or more priority rules comprise: selecting thefirst PRS resource from the plurality of first PRS resources based onthe first PRS resource being scheduled partially within DRX ON time andpartially outside of DRX ON time and the second PRS resource beingscheduled entirely within DRX ON time.
 7. The method of claim 2, whereinthe one or more priority rules comprise: selecting the first PRSresource from the plurality of first PRS resources based on the firstPRS resource being scheduled before the second PRS resource, select thefirst PRS resource from the plurality of first PRS resources.
 8. Themethod of claim 2, wherein the one or more priority rules comprise:selecting the first PRS resource from the plurality of first PRSresources based on the first PRS resource being scheduled after thesecond PRS resource.
 9. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or morepriority rules comprise: selecting the first PRS resource from theplurality of first PRS resources based on the first PRS resource beingaperiodic and the second PRS resource being semi-persistent or periodic.10. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more priority rulescomprise: selecting the first PRS resource from the plurality of firstPRS resources based on the first PRS resource being semi-persistent andthe second PRS resource being periodic.
 11. The method of claim 2,wherein the one or more priority rules comprise: selecting the first PRSresource from the plurality of first PRS resources based on the firstPRS resource being periodic and the second PRS resource beingsemi-persistent or aperiodic.
 12. The method of claim 2, wherein the oneor more priority rules comprise: selecting the first PRS resource fromthe plurality of first PRS resources based on the first PRS resourcebeing semi-persistent and the second PRS resource being aperiodic. 13.The method of claim 2, wherein: the first PRS resource is part of a PRSoccasion, and the one or more DRX pruning rules comprise: selecting allPRS resource of the PRS occasion, including the first PRS resource,based on the PRS occasion being entirely within DRX ON time, selectingall PRS resource of the PRS occasion, including the first PRS resource,based on the PRS occasion being partially within DRX ON time andpartially within DRX OFF time, selecting at least the first PRS resourceof the PRS occasion based on the PRS occasion being partially within DRXON time and partially within DRX OFF time and the first PRS resourcebeing within DRX ON time, selecting all PRS resource of the PRSoccasion, including the first PRS resource, based on the PRS occasionbeing entirely outside of DRX ON time, or any combination thereof. 14.The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting or receiving the second PRSresource comprises: transmitting or receiving the second PRS resourceregardless of the second PRS resource overlapping a DRX OFF time. 15.The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining a set of theplurality of first PRS resources satisfying the one or more DRX pruningrules; determining a set of the plurality of second PRS resourcessatisfying the one or more DRX pruning rules; and determining anintersection set or union set of the set of the plurality of first PRSresources and the set of the plurality of second PRS resources, whereinthe one or more pairs are selected from the intersection set or theunion set based on the one or more bundling conditions.
 16. The methodof claim 1, wherein the one or more bundling conditions comprise: thefirst PRS resource and the second PRS resource being associated with thesame transmission-reception point (TRP), the first PRS resource and thesecond PRS resource being scheduled within a threshold period of time ofeach other, a quasi-co-location (QCL) relationship between the first PRSresource and the second PRS resource, or any combination thereof. 17.The method of claim 16, wherein the second PRS resource is to betransmitted or received only if the first PRS resource is received ortransmitted.
 18. The method of claim 16, wherein: the first PRS resourcecomprises a downlink PRS (DL-PRS) resource, the second PRS resourcecomprises an uplink PRS (UL-PRS) resource, the DL-PRS resource isconfigured to be transmitted as a plurality of repetitions on aplurality of transmit beams, and an uplink transmit beam on which theUL-PRS resource is transmitted is based on a result of a downlinkreceive beam sweep of the plurality of repetitions.
 19. The method ofclaim 16, wherein: the first PRS resource comprises an UL-PRS resource,the second PRS resource comprises a DL-PRS resource, the UL-PRS resourceis configured to be transmitted as a plurality of repetitions on aplurality of transmit beams, and a downlink transmit beam on which theDL-PRS resource is transmitted is based on a result of an uplink receivebeam sweep of the plurality of repetitions.
 20. The method of claim 16,wherein selecting the one or more pairs comprises: selecting the firstPRS resource of each pair of the one or more pairs based on the one ormore DRX pruning rules; and selecting the second PRS resource of eachpair of the one or more pairs based on the QCL relationship between thefirst PRS resource and the second PRS resource.
 21. A user equipment(UE), comprising: a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least oneprocessor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least onetransceiver, the at least one processor configured to: receive, via theat least one transceiver, a configuration of a plurality of firstpositioning reference signal (PRS) resources; receive, via the at leastone transceiver, a configuration of a plurality of second PRS resources;select one or more pairs of a first PRS resource of the plurality offirst PRS resources and a second PRS resource of the plurality of secondPRS resources, each pair of the one or more pairs satisfying one or moreDRX pruning rules and one or more bundling conditions; and receive ortransmit, via the at least one transceiver, the first PRS resource andtransmit or receive, via the at least one transceiver, the second PRSresource during one or more DRX cycles of the DRX mode.
 22. The UE ofclaim 21, wherein the at least one processor configured to select theone or more pairs comprises the at least one processor configured to:select the first PRS resource of each pair of the one or more pairsbased on the one or more DRX pruning rules and one or more priorityrules; and select the second PRS resource of each pair of the one ormore pairs based on the one or more bundling conditions.
 23. The UE ofclaim 22, wherein the one or more priority rules comprise: select thefirst PRS resource from the plurality of first PRS resources based onthe first PRS resource being scheduled entirely within DRX ON time andthe second PRS resource being scheduled at least partially outside DRXON time, select the first PRS resource from the plurality of first PRSresources based on the first PRS resource being scheduled partiallywithin DRX ON time and partially outside of DRX ON time and the secondPRS resource being scheduled entirely outside of DRX ON time, select thefirst PRS resource from the plurality of first PRS resources based onthe first PRS resource being scheduled entirely outside of DRX ON timeand the second PRS resource being scheduled at least partially withinDRX ON time, select the first PRS resource from the plurality of firstPRS resources based on the first PRS resource being scheduled partiallywithin DRX ON time and partially outside of DRX ON time and the secondPRS resource being scheduled entirely within DRX ON time, select thefirst PRS resource from the plurality of first PRS resources based onthe first PRS resource being scheduled before the second PRS resource,select the first PRS resource from the plurality of first PRS resourcesbased on the first PRS resource being scheduled after the second PRSresource, select the first PRS resource from the plurality of first PRSresources based on the first PRS resource being aperiodic and the secondPRS resource being semi-persistent or periodic, select the first PRSresource from the plurality of first PRS resources based on the firstPRS resource being semi-persistent and the second PRS resource beingperiodic, select the first PRS resource from the plurality of first PRSresources based on the first PRS resource being periodic and the secondPRS resource being semi-persistent or aperiodic, select the first PRSresource from the plurality of first PRS resources based on the firstPRS resource being semi-persistent and the second PRS resource beingaperiodic, or any combination thereof.
 24. The UE of claim 22, wherein:the first PRS resource is part of a PRS occasion, and the one or moreDRX pruning rules comprise: select all PRS resource of the PRS occasion,including the first PRS resource, based on the PRS occasion beingentirely within DRX ON time, select all PRS resource of the PRSoccasion, including the first PRS resource, based on the PRS occasionbeing partially within DRX ON time and partially within DRX OFF time,select at least the first PRS resource of the PRS occasion based on thePRS occasion being partially within DRX ON time and partially within DRXOFF time and the first PRS resource being within DRX ON time, select allPRS resource of the PRS occasion, including the first PRS resource,based on the PRS occasion being entirely outside of DRX ON time, or anycombination thereof.
 25. The UE of claim 21, wherein the at least oneprocessor configured to transmit or receive the second PRS resourcecomprises the at least one processor configured to: transmit or receive,via the at least one transceiver, the second PRS resource regardless ofthe second PRS resource overlapping a DRX OFF time.
 26. The UE of claim21, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:determine a set of the plurality of first PRS resources satisfying theone or more DRX pruning rules; determine a set of the plurality ofsecond PRS resources satisfying the one or more DRX pruning rules; anddetermine an intersection set or union set of the set of the pluralityof first PRS resources and the set of the plurality of second PRSresources, wherein the one or more pairs are selected from theintersection set or the union set based on the one or more bundlingconditions.
 27. The UE of claim 21, wherein the one or more bundlingconditions comprise: the first PRS resource and the second PRS resourcebeing associated with the same transmission-reception point (TRP), thefirst PRS resource and the second PRS resource being scheduled within athreshold period of time of each other, a quasi-co-location (QCL)relationship between the first PRS resource and the second PRS resource,or any combination thereof.
 28. The UE of claim 27, wherein the secondPRS resource is to be transmitted or received only if the first PRSresource is received or transmitted.
 29. A user equipment (UE),comprising: means for receiving a configuration of a plurality of firstpositioning reference signal (PRS) resources; means for receiving aconfiguration of a plurality of second PRS resources; means forselecting one or more pairs of a first PRS resource of the plurality offirst PRS resources and a second PRS resource of the plurality of secondPRS resources, each pair of the one or more pairs satisfying one or moreDRX pruning rules and one or more bundling conditions; and means forreceiving or transmitting the first PRS resource and means fortransmitting or receiving the second PRS resource during one or more DRXcycles of the DRX mode.
 30. A non-transitory computer-readable mediumstoring computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a userequipment (UE), cause the UE to: receive a configuration of a pluralityof first positioning reference signal (PRS) resources; receive aconfiguration of a plurality of second PRS resources; select one or morepairs of a first PRS resource of the plurality of first PRS resourcesand a second PRS resource of the plurality of second PRS resources, eachpair of the one or more pairs satisfying one or more DRX pruning rulesand one or more bundling conditions; and receive or transmit the firstPRS resource and transmit or receive the second PRS resource during oneor more DRX cycles of the DRX mode.